Subject(s)
Acetamides/administration & dosage , Acetamides/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Oxazolidinones/administration & dosage , Oxazolidinones/pharmacokinetics , Acetamides/blood , Acetamides/therapeutic use , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Infective Agents/blood , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Linezolid , Male , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Oxazolidinones/blood , Oxazolidinones/therapeutic use , Sternum/metabolismABSTRACT
This study investigated plasma and bone concentrations of moxifloxacin following a single intravenous dose of 400mg to consider its potential role in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Eight patients who underwent routine cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were enrolled in the study. Plasma and bone samples were collected 2h and 5h after the end of infusion. High performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of moxifloxacin concentrations. Mean plasma concentrations were 3.36 microg/mL and 2.93 microg/mL at 2h and 5h after the end of infusion. The concentrations in the body and manubrium of the sternal bone were 1.65 microg/g and 1.64 microg/g at 2h and 1.4 microg/g and 1.45 microg/g at 5h, respectively. Moxifloxacin showed good penetration into bone and could be considered for the treatment of osteomyelitis.
Subject(s)
Aza Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Quinolines/pharmacokinetics , Sternum/metabolism , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/blood , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Infective Agents/blood , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics , Aza Compounds/administration & dosage , Aza Compounds/blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Female , Fluoroquinolones , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Male , Manubrium/chemistry , Manubrium/metabolism , Middle Aged , Moxifloxacin , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Quinolines/administration & dosage , Quinolines/blood , Sternum/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonizing the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients and define risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A point prevalence survey of VRE fecal carriage was carried out among patients who stayed at a 600-bed teaching hospital for at least two days. Resistance to vancomycin was detected by the E-test method. Epidemiological data was recorded for all patients included in the study and was used for the risk factor analysis. RESULTS: A total of 128 patients hospitalized for at least two days were enrolled in this investigation. Thirty-nine patients (30.5 percent) were colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Twenty-three of the 39 strains were identified as Enterococcus faecium, 13 were identified as Enterococcus gallinarum and three strains as Enterococcus casseliflavus. The risk factors that were significantly associated with VRE colonization included length of hospital stay (13.2 days vs. 8.6 days), age (60.7 years vs. 47.7 years) and the presence of underlying malignancies (28.2 percent vs. 11.2 percent). An association was found between VRE colonization and the use of antimicrobials with anaerobic activity, such as metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem. The use of vancomycin was associated with VRE colonization in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS: VRE colonization must be monitored, and risk factors should be determined, because they are useful for screening hospitalized patients for VRE colonization in order to establish prevention and control measures.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cross Infection/microbiology , Enterococcus/drug effects , Feces/microbiology , Vancomycin Resistance , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Greece , Hospitals, University , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonizing the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients and define risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A point prevalence survey of VRE fecal carriage was carried out among patients who stayed at a 600-bed teaching hospital for at least two days. Resistance to vancomycin was detected by the E-test method. Epidemiological data was recorded for all patients included in the study and was used for the risk factor analysis. RESULTS: A total of 128 patients hospitalized for at least two days were enrolled in this investigation. Thirty-nine patients (30.5%) were colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Twenty-three of the 39 strains were identified as Enterococcus faecium, 13 were identified as Enterococcus gallinarum and three strains as Enterococcus casseliflavus. The risk factors that were significantly associated with VRE colonization included length of hospital stay (13.2 days vs. 8.6 days), age (60.7 years vs. 47.7 years) and the presence of underlying malignancies (28.2% vs. 11.2%). An association was found between VRE colonization and the use of antimicrobials with anaerobic activity, such as metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem. The use of vancomycin was associated with VRE colonization in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS: VRE colonization must be monitored, and risk factors should be determined, because they are useful for screening hospitalized patients for VRE colonization in order to establish prevention and control measures.
