Subject(s)
Aminoglycosides/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Greece/epidemiology , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Epidemiology , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
A total of 359 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (344 Enterococcus faecium and 15 E. faecalis) collected during 2007 from eight tertiary-care hospitals in Greece were analysed for genotypic characteristics. Four common clones, ST412, ST203, ST16 and ST17, were identified among E. faecium and one clone, ST28, among E. faecalis strains.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/microbiology , Enterococcus faecium/genetics , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Vancomycin Resistance/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/genetics , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecium/drug effects , Enterococcus faecium/isolation & purification , Genes, Bacterial , Greece , Hospitals , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
A total of 10420 Gram-positive cocci (including staphylococci, enterococci and various groups of streptococci) collected from clinically significant specimens in ten Greek hospitals during 2006--2007 were tested for their susceptibility to daptomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the broth microdilution method. Daptomycin demonstrated very high activity against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC at which 50% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC50) = 1mg/L and MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90) = 1.36 mg/L), Enterococcus faecium (MIC50 = 1.36 mg/L and MIC90 = 1.90 mg/L), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC50 = 0.12 mg/L and MIC90 = 0.50mg/L), Streptococcus agalactiae (MIC50 = 0.09 mg/L and MIC90 = 0.12 mg/L), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC50 = 0.24 mg/L and MIC90 = 0.5 mg/L) and viridans group streptococci (MIC50 = 0.50 mg/L and MIC90 = 0.89 mg/L). Resistance to linezolid and vancomycin for enterococci and to penicillin for streptococci appears to be independent of reduced susceptibility to daptomycin. On the other hand, daptomycin was also active against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC50 = 0.44 mg/L and MIC90 = 0.78 mg/L) and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MIC50 = 0.24 mg/L and MIC90 = 0.44 mg/L); however, 0.9% of the staphylococci tested had an MIC > 1mg/L, which is the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoint proposed for susceptibility. For all tested organism groups, resistance to daptomycin was not associated with glycopeptide resistance.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Daptomycin/pharmacology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Cocci/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Genes, Bacterial/drug effects , Greece , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity TestsSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Positive Cocci/drug effects , Minocycline/analogs & derivatives , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Cocci/isolation & purification , Greece , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Minocycline/pharmacology , TigecyclineABSTRACT
Bacteremia may occur after disruption of the oral mucous membrane, particularly after dental treatment. 18 mentally handicapped patients who underwent dental treatment with general anesthesia were included in our study. None of the patients had general illnesses or received antibiotic protection. From each patient several blood samples were drawn aseptically during dental treatment and cultured. The majority of aerobic bacteria recovered belonged to Streptococcus sp and Gemella sp., anaerobic bacteria mainly belonged to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Peptostreptococcus sp. Resistance of the isolated bacteria to penicillin as well as to oxacillin, erythromycin and Co-trimoxazole was substantial. The highest resistance rate could be shown against fucidic acid.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/microbiology , Dental Care , Intellectual Disability , Adolescent , Adult , Anesthesia, Dental , Anesthesia, General , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteroidaceae Infections/diagnosis , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Erythromycin/therapeutic use , Fusidic Acid/therapeutic use , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Oxacillin/therapeutic use , Penicillin Resistance , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Peptostreptococcus/drug effects , Peptostreptococcus/isolation & purification , Porphyromonas gingivalis/drug effects , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolation & purification , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus/drug effects , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Between 1 January and 31 March 1986, 2434 strains of Haemophilus influenzae collected from 23 laboratories in the United Kingdom were examined. With the same criteria as previous studies in 1977 and 1981 the prevalence of resistance was: ampicillin 7.8% (6.2% beta-lactamase producers and 1.6% non-producers), tetracycline 2.7%, chloramphenicol 1.7%, trimethoprim 4.2%, and sulphamethoxazole 3.5%. of the 87 capsulated strains, 15 produced beta-lactamase, nine were resistant to ampicillin but did not produce beta-lactamase, and two strains, one of which produced beta-lactamase, were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Since 1977 the prevalence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim has increased significantly. During 1981-6 strains resistant to ampicillin but not producing beta-lactamase and strains resistant to trimethoprim have significantly increased.
