ABSTRACT
One of the most popular methods for ranking duplex stainless steels (DSSs) and predicting their corrosion properties is the calculation of the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN). However, since DSSs are two-phase materials with a significant fraction of secondary phases and precipitates, the application of the PREN can be highly limited. This article attempted to use a new approach to describe the corrosion resistance of these steels. The corrosion resistance of two DSSs of the same class was investigated. Under identical solution heat treatments in the temperature range of 1050-1200 °C, the crevice corrosion resistance of one steel increased, while that of the other decreased. It was demonstrated that the amounts of austenite and ferrite changed similarly in these steels, and the different corrosion resistances were associated with the behaviors of secondary phases: niobium carbonitride and chromium nitride. SEM-EDS analysis was conducted to analyze the redistribution of elements between phases in both cases, showing good agreement with the thermodynamic modeling results. The PREN was calculated for each phase depending on the treatment temperature, and a method for calculating the effective PREN (PRENeff), accounting for phase balance and secondary phases, was proposed. It was shown that this indicator described corrosion properties better than the classical PREN calculated for the average steel composition. This study demonstrated how the calculation of critical temperatures (the temperature of equal amounts of ferrite and austenite, the temperature of the beginning of chromium nitride formation, and the temperature of the beginning of σ-phase formation) could describe the corrosion resistance of DSSs. Maximum possible deviations from these temperatures were defined, allowing the attainment of the required corrosion properties for the steels. Based on the conducted research, an approach for selecting new compositions of DSSs was proposed.
ABSTRACT
The use of traditional materials leads to failures and breakdowns of expensive equipment, so advanced materials are needed that can provide reliable and durable solutions. The ability to control the quality of duplex stainless steels (DSSs) can greatly help with the development of new compositions or choosing existing DSSs. In this case, it is necessary to consider the final consumer properties-corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, which depend on the phase composition, contamination with non-metallic inclusions (NMIs), and the presence of undesirable secondary phases. In this research, specimens of cast DSSs of different grades, produced at laboratory and industrial scales, were studied. A technique for quantifying the microstructure of DSSs was developed. A thermodynamic database was chosen that adequately describes the processes of phase formation in DSSs. The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion properties of cast DSSs were studied. The effects of the structural state on the changes in consumer properties of the final product are shown. It is shown that using various deoxidation technologies, it is possible to obtain both NMIs that are dangerous in terms of corrosive activity and ones that are relatively safe.
