Powerful laser-produced quasi-half-cycle THz pulses.

The Maxwell equations-based 3D-analytical solution for the terahertz (THz) half-cycle electromagnetic wave transition radiation pulse has been found. This solution describes generation and propagation of transition radiation into free space from laser-produced relativistic electron bunch which crosses a target-vacuum interface as a result of ultrashort laser pulse interaction with a thin high-conductivity target. The analytical solution found complements the theory of laser initiated transition radiation. It describes the THz wave half-cycle pulse at the arbitrary distance from a target surface including near-field zone rather than its standard far-field characterization. The analytical research has also been supplemented with the 3D simulations using the finite-difference time-domain method, which makes it possible for description of much wider spatial domain as compared to that from the particle-in-cell approach. The presented result sheds light fundamentally on the interference of the electron bunch field and the generated THz field of broadband transition radiation from laser-plasma interaction. The latter is studied for a long time in the experiments with solid density plasma and the theory developed may inspire to targeted measurements and investigations of unique super intense half-cycle THz radiation waves near the laser target.

Analytic theory of relativistic self-focusing for a Gaussian light beam entering a plasma: Renormalization-group approach.

Using the renormalization-group approach, we consider an analytic theory describing the formation of a self-focusing structure of a laser beam in a plasma with relativistic nonlinearity for a given radial intensity distribution at the entrance and derive approximate analytic solutions. We study three stationary self-focused waveguide propagation modes with respect to controlling laser-plasma parameters for a Gaussian radial intensity distribution at the plasma boundary. The proposed theory specifies the domains and their boundaries on the plane of the controlling parameters where (1) self-trapping, (2) self-focusing on the axis, and (3) tubular self-focusing solutions occur. We review the concept of the critical power and show that it must be correlated to the form of the entering light pulse and its value corresponding to the minimum power that admits self-channeling can be significantly lower than the widely used value 17(ω^{2}/ω_{pe}^{2}) GW.

Ion energy spectra directly measured in the interaction volume of intense laser pulses with clustered plasma.

The use of gas cluster media as a target for an intense femtosecond laser pulses is considered to be uniquely convenient approach for the development of a compact versatile pulsed source of ionizing radiation. Also, one may consider cluster media as a nanolab to investigate fundamental issues of intense optical fields interaction with sub-wavelength scale structures. However, conventional diagnostic methods fail to register highly charged ion states from a cluster plasma because of strong recombination in the ambient gas. In the paper we introduce high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy method allowing to study energy spectra of highly charged ions created in the area of most intense laser radiation. The emission of CO2 clusters were analyzed in experiments with 60 fs 780 nm laser pulses of 1018 W/cm2 intensity. Theory and according X-ray spectra modeling allows to reveal the energy spectra and yield of highly charged oxygen ions. It was found that while the laser of fundamental frequency creates commonly expected monotonic ion energy spectrum, frequency doubled laser radiation initiates energy spectra featuring of distinctive quasi-monoenergetic peaks. The later would provide definite advantage in further development of laser-plasma based compact ion accelerators.

Synchronized Ion Acceleration by Ultraintense Slow Light.

An effective scheme of synchronized laser-triggered ion acceleration and the corresponding theoretical model are proposed for a slow light pulse of relativistic intensity, which penetrates into a near-critical-density plasma, strongly slows, and then increases its group velocity during propagation within a target. The 3D particle-in-cell simulations confirm this concept for proton acceleration by a femtosecond petawatt-class laser pulse experiencing relativistic self-focusing, quantify the characteristics of the generated protons, and demonstrate a significant increase of their energy compared with the proton energy generated from optimized ultrathin solid dense foils.

[Computer-assisted monitoring reflecting interrelation of parameters of oxygen transport and lipid peroxidation]. / Komp'iuternyi monitoring, otrazhaiushchii vzaimosviaz' pokazatelei dostavki kisloroda i perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov.

Correctness of a real-time graphic image was checked by a multi-system integral nomogram showing changes in the condition of certain homeostasis parameters with regard for a condition of systemic oxygen transport. Concentrations of TB-active products and of medium-weight molecules were examined at the moment of finding the integral dot of oxygen transport to different quadrants of the nomogram obtained on the basis of blood samples taken from 286 obstetric and gynecological patients. Correctness and timeliness of real-time nomograms' images as well as occurrence of hypo- and hyperoxic conditions as a response to changing parameters of systemic oxygen transport were proven.

Analytic solutions to the Vlasov equations for expanding plasmas.

The renormalization-group approach is applied to derive an exact solution to the self-consistent Vlasov kinetic equations for plasma particles in the quasineutral approximation. The solutions obtained describe three-dimensional adiabatic expansion of a plasma bunch with arbitrary initial velocity distributions of the electrons and ions. The solution found is illustrated by the examples on ion acceleration in a plasma with hot electrons and in a plasma with light impurity ions.

[Development and utilization of the integral system of computer monitoring in anesthesiology in clinical obstetrics and gynecology]. / Opyt razrabotki i ispol'zovaniia integrirovannoi sistemy komp'iuternogo monitoringa v anesteziologicheskoi praktike kliniki akusherstva i ginekologii.

An original computer monitoring system for preoperative monitoring was developed at the department of anesthesiology and intensive care of the Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The system includes a bedside monitor Athena (S&W + Artema, Denmark) and two special monitors ABM-100 (Datex, Finland) and NCCOM (Bomed, USA). The potentialities of the system are discussed; physiological parameters were monitored and estimated in the real time mode. Variants of graphic interface of the system are presented, including an original multisystem integral nomogram. Utilization of the system demonstrated the advantages of objective physiological information recorded by the system, a high informative values of integral estimated parameters in the real time mode. The use of the multisystem integral nomogram helps the anesthesiologist rapidly and unambiguously to interpret the clinical situation and essentially accelerates the decision-making on further treatment strategy. The work with the system does not require any special knowledge and skills, the system is simple and easy in use.

[Status of the main functional systems in humans after long-term exposure to hyperbaric medium]. / Sostoianie osnovnykh funktsional'nykh sistem cheloveka posle dlitel'nogo prebyvaniia v giperbarichesko'i srede.

The exposure of divers to hyperbaric conditions under pressure of 4.6 MPa induced development of astheno-neurotic disorders with cardiovascular component against a background of pronounced fatigue. A decrease of the pulmonary ventilation function in the form of bronchial obstruction syndrome was observed as well. On the 10-15th day of the postdiving period asthenia phenomena extinguished and the pulmonary function tended to restoration. On the 30th day of postdiving period all the functional systems were normalized. The professional activity of divers for many years gives rise to the formation of adaptive reaction (increase of vital capacity of lungs and maximal ventilation of lungs), on the one hand, and to pathological disorders, such as arterial hypertension and bronchial obstruction syndrome, on the other hand.

[Biological equivalence study of chlortetracycline preparations used in veterinary medicine]. / Izuchenie biologicheskoi ékvivalentnosti preparatov khlortetratsiklina, primeniaemykh v veterinarii.

The biological availability of chlortetracycline oral preparations used in veterinary biovit-80, biovetin and chlortetracycline) was studied on pigs. It was found that a single administration of biovit-80 or biovetin in a dose of 25,000 units kg of the body weight calculated for the chemically pure antibiotic did not provide sufficiently high therapeutic levels of the antibiotic in the blood of the pigs. The dose of biovetin biologically equivalent to 25,000 units/kg of chlortetracycline hydrochloride was 62 500 units/kg and exceeded the recommended one by 2.5 times, while equivalent dose of biovit-80 exceeded the recommended one by more than 2.5 times.