[The dynamics of developmental disorders of the brain in fetuses obtained from mothers consuming alcohol during pregnancy (14- to 15-week-old fetuses)]. / Dinamika narushenii razvitiia golovnogo mozga plodov, poluchennykh ot materei, upotrebliavshikh alkogol' v period beremennosti (plody 14--15 ned).

By histological method cerebral development was studied in 3 fetus obtained after 14, 14 and 15 weeks to gestation in the mothers abusing alcohol. The excessive plication, invagination and adhesions of the brain wall, porencephalia, abnormal hyperplasia and heterotopia of cells, as well as agenesis of plexus choroideus were detected. These finding were compared with the disturbances in 5- to 12-week-old embryos which had been earlier discovered by authors. It was noted their resemblance, which means the stability of the structural brain changes during ontogenesis.

[Neural tube dysraphia at the level of the midbrain in alcoholic embryopathy]. / Dizrafiia nervnoi trubki na urovne srednego mozga pri alkogol'noi émbriopatii.

Forty-four 5-12-week embryos obtained from mothers who abused alcohol during pregnancy were examined for brain development. Six cases of dysraphia of the neural tube at the midbrain level were revealed. In two cases, it was defined as primary. This was confirmed by the impairment of neurulation in the neural tube, by the growth of the ends of the neural plate, not yet grown together (hyperplasia), and derangement of the mesoderm (partial cranioschisis). The use of alcohol might be the most probable cause that gave rise to dysraphia. In these cases, the teratogenic termination period was referred to the first 4 weeks of pregnancy. In 4 cases, the secondary rupture of the walls of the midbrain, i.e. secondary dysraphia of the traumatic genesis was established.

[Dysontogenesis of the brain of the progeny born to mothers drinking alcohol during pregnancy]. / Dizontogenez golovnogo mozga potomstva materei, upotrebliavshikh alkogol' v period beremennosti.

A study was made of the development of the brain from 44 embryos (5-12 weeks) and 1 fetus (14 weeks) obtained from mothers who used alcohol during pregnancy. 16 cases made up the control group. In 34 cases out of 45 (75.5%), deviations in the development of the brain were established and distributed into the three degrees of gravity: mild, moderate and severe. 11 variants of brain pathology are described. Deviations in the formation of brain walls and disorders of the development of the cortical lamina occurred most frequently (70.6 and 57.9%, respectively). In alcoholic mothers, brain pathology in their progeny was revealed in 100% of cases. Provided they used alcohol systematically and frequently, brain pathology was identified in 83.3% of cases, in systematic rare use of alcohol in 77.3%, and in episodic use of alcohol in 28.5% of cases.

[Various results of the study of medico-biological aspects of alcoholism in Siberia and Far East]. / Nekotorye itogi izucheniia mediko-biologicheskikh aspektov alkogolizma v Sibiri i na Dal'nem Vostoke.

To study the dynamic changes in alcohol abuse, a new methodological approach has been developed which implies staged realization. Stage one was aimed at the search for integral clinical-dynamic characteristics as well as social and psychological properties to make identification of the clinical phenotype reliable. Stage II--at introduction of integral constitution-morphology indicators representative of the disease predisposition-stability. The analysis of medicosocial characteristics for the last 8 years has been performed at Stage III. Calcium homeostasis and related hormones and enzymes were evaluated at Stage IV. The data obtained permitted identification of a complex of structural manifestations underlying alcohol embryopathy of the brain.

[Development of embryonal brain synapses in the normal state and in maternal alcoholism]. / Formirovanie sinapsov émbrional'nogo golovnogo mozga v norme i pri alkogolizme materi.

Electron microscopy was used to study embryonal brains (n-10) of 7-12-week gestation from mothers abusing alcohol at the time of medical abortion. Control group consisted of 20 embryos from healthy women. The study group demonstrated delayed formation of synaptic structures, a great number of extrasynaptic contacts, sings of clear-type degeneration of some mature synapses.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of embryonic brain cells in the offspring of alcoholic mothers]. / Osobennosti u'ltrastruktury kletok émbriona'lnogo golovnogo mozga pri alkogolizme materi.

Electron microscopy of brain cells was performed in 20 human embryos at 10 to 12 weeks of gestation. Of these, 13 were delivered at medical abortions from healthy women, and 7 from women with 2nd stage alcoholism. In both groups the electron-dense structures were shown in the perinuclear space of neuro- and glioblasts. In embryos taken from alcoholic mothers, these cells displayed the changes in plasma and mitochondrial membranes structure with appearing inclusions and enhanced development of several organels. The data on ultrastructural changes in alcoholic brain embryonic cells are compared to those in other maternal mental disorders.

[Disorders of the cerebellar development in alcoholic embryopathy]. / Narushenie razvitiia mozzhechka pri alkogo'lnoi émbriopatii.

A total of 38 embryos were delivered at abortions from women which had abused alcohol during gestation (5 to 12 weeks). Defects of cerebellar development were found in 8 cases (21%). In I case the cerebellar rudiment agenesia was noted. In 7 cases cerebellar hemispheres featured dysmorphogenic changes. Of these, in 2 the rudiments of left cerebellar hemispheres were hyperplastic and located deep in the cavity of the IVth ventricle; in the rest, extra plicate and circular formations were found in preparations with and without hyperplasia.

[Etiology of porencephalia and other developmental disorders of the brain in alcoholic embryopathy]. / O proiskhozhdenii poréntsefalii i drugikh narushenii formoobrazovaniia mozga pri alkogol'noi émbriopatii.

Cerebral hemispheres development was analyzed in 39 embryons obtained after 5 to 12 weeks to gestation in mothers abusing alcohol (alcoholism and drunkenness). In 20 cases (51%) distortions in the brain shaping were detected with excessive plication and invaginations of the brain walls. This led to the brain development disorder known as true porencephalia, and others, termed as cysts with normal and reverse order of layers, porencephalia with reverse layer ordering. The authors suggest that brain shaping distortions are variants of teratogenesis of its innate defects.

[Disorders of brain development in embryos obtained from mothers who abused alcohol]. / Narusheniia razvitiia golovnogo mozga émbrionov, poluchennykh ot zloupotrebliavshikh alkogolem materei.

Nineteen 5 to 12-weeks-old embryos from women abusing alcohol during pregnancy (alcoholism, habitual drinking) were studied. In 15 (79%) the brain development disorders were detected. Most frequently concerned were the brain hemispheres. Defective development signs were also noted in the midbrain, choroidal plexus and diencephalon. Microdysplasias were found in different brain regions. In one case embryonal signs of the capsula interna, nucleus caudatus, putamen, epiphysis cerebri, habenular nuclei, chiasma, optical tracts were absent. Six groups presenting most typical deviations were identified. The degree of embryonal brain disorders correlated with its mother's alcohol abuse severity.