Comprehensive imaging manifestations of tuberous sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this article are to describe the abdominal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis, including renal and hepatic angiomyolipomas, splenic hamartomas, and renal cysts; the differentiation of renal angiomyolipomas from renal cell carcinoma by use of various imaging modalities; and the key imaging findings of intracranial subependymal nodules, giant cell astrocytomas, cortical tubers, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, cardiac rhabdomyomas, and osseous lesions. CONCLUSION: Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by various abnormalities, including multisystemic hamartomas. Correct diagnosis of this syndrome is imperative, not only by detecting cutaneous manifestations at physical examination but also by recognizing the characteristic multimodality imaging findings. Patients can present with a variety of symptoms, ranging from seizures to acute abdomen with life-threatening hemorrhage. The mortality rate is as high as 40% by the age of 35 years.

Annular pancreas: Radiologic features of a case with recurrent acute pancreatitis.

A 67-year-old female presented to the emergency department with epigastric and left-upper-quadrant abdominal pain. The patient reported history of multiple episodes of abdominal pain similar in nature over the last 2 years. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen demonstrated acute pancreatitis along with the presence of pancreatic tissue around the descending portion of the duodenum (a characteristic feature of annular pancreas). The findings on different imaging modalities are described.