FASN, SCD1 and ANXA9 gene polymorphism as genetic predictors of the fatty acid profile of sheep milk.

In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ANXA9 (annexin 9), FASN (fatty acid synthase) and SCD1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1) genes were analyzed as factors influencing fatty acid profiles in milk from Zoslachtená valaska sheep. SNP in selected genes was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The long-chain fatty acids profile in sheep milk was identified by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis of the SCD1/Cfr13I polymorphism showed that the milk of the homozygous AA animals was characterized by a lower (P < 0.05) share of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0 in comparison to the homozygous CC sheep. The milk of heterozygous sheep was characterized by a higher (P < 0.05) proportion of C13:0 acid compared to the milk of sheep with the homozygous AA type. A higher (P < 0.05) level of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was found in the milk of CC genotype sheep compared to the AA genotype. Our results lead to the conclusion that the greatest changes were observed for the SCD1/Cfr13I polymorphism and the least significant ones for FASN/AciI. Moreover, it is the first evidence that milk from sheep with SCD1/Cfr13I polymorphism and the homozygous AA genotype showed the most desirable fatty acids profile.

Relationship between polymorphism in the CRH gene and the traits of body conformation of Salers cows.

The study analyzed three SNP polymorphisms located in exon 2 of the corticotropin-coding genes (rs110167397, rs381116984, rs109244394), later referred to as CRH1, CRH2, CRH3, respectively. The research was conducted in a Salers cattle herd. Identification of genotypes of individual animals was carried out using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragments length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The heterozygous genotypes of all analyzed polymorphisms they determined the most extensive body mass of the analyzed animals. Other traits, such as cow size, muscularity, hip height and chest girth, were the most favorable for homozygous GG individuals concerning CRH1 polymorphism. Studying the relationship between CRH2 polymorphism and the animals with the genotype TT was preferred for traits such as muscularity and chest girth. It was shown that the CRH3 polymorphism significantly affected the muscularity and higher values of the zoometric measurement (hip height, chest girth) in the case of cows with the genotype CC. Significant differences were found in the study (p ≤ 0.01; p ≤ 0.05).

Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the SLC27A3 Gene on the Nutritional Value of Sheep Milk.

The current research was undertaken to use the genetic potential of animals to obtain high-quality dairy products. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC27A3 gene were identified in Zoslachtená valaska sheep using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Correlations between genotypes and milk composition and nutritional value were analysed This study showed that milk from sheep with TT genotype in the SNP4 locus was characterised by higher (p < 0.01) fat and dry matter content and lower lactose concentration, compared to sheep with AA and TA genotypes, respectively. Moreover, it was found that animals with GG genotype in SNP1 produced milk with higher C18:1n9c, C18:1n7t, CLA, and other unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) content than sheep with TT. Additionally, milk from animals with CC at the SNP3 locus had significantly higher (p < 0.01) levels of UFAs than milk from sheep with other genotypes in the SNP3. In summary, it may be concluded that milk from animals with TT genotype of SNP4 is characterised by higher fat and dry matter content. Whereas, milk from sheep with GG in SNP1 and with CC in SNP3 is characterised by higher content of UFAs, which increases milk value as material for functional food production.

Polymorphism in ovine ANXA9 gene and the physio-chemical properties and the fraction of protein in milk.

BACKGROUND: Annexin A9 (ANXA9) is a specific fatty acid transport protein. The ANXA9 gene is expressed in various tissues, including secretory tissue and the mammary glands. The association between the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ANXA9 gene and sheep's milk composition was assessed. RESULTS: Genotype analysis was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The ANXA9 polymorphisms that were studied had the following major allele frequencies (MAFs): SNP1: allele G 0,66; SNP2: allele G 0,54; SNP3: allele C 0,57. The study found the most favorable profile of protein fractions, namely increased kappa-casein fractions and a decreased level of whey protein in sheep's milk for the SNP1 and SNP3 polymorphisms. Sheep with the SNP1 GA genotype had the highest (P < 0.05) content of fat and dry matter in milk. AXNA9 gene polymorphism did not influence the levels of protein, lactose, or urea in sheep's milk. CONCLUSION: The information contained in this study may be useful for determining the impact of the ANXA9 gene on sheep's milk. The ANXA9 SNP1 and SNP3 polymorphism results could be included in breeding programs to select sheep with the genotypes ensuring the highest kappa-casein levels in milk. However, it is worth conducting further research on ANXA9 and milk composition in larger herds of animals and various breeds of sheep. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Polymorphism of the FAM13A, ABCG2, OPN, LAP3, HCAP-G, PPARGC1A genes and somatic cell count of Jersey cows--preliminary study.

The aim of this study was to investigate association between genotypes/combined genotypes of selected genes located on BTA6 (FAM13A, ABCG2, OPN, LAP3, HCAP-G, PPARGC1A) and somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. The study included 181 Jersey, all of which were genotyped. Allele frequencies were also determined. Genotypes were identified by the PCR-RFLP method and the results showed statistically significant (P≤0.05, P≤0.01, P≤0.001) differences between mean values of SCC in analysed cows with different genotypes of FAM13A1 G85A and combined genotypes OPN and FAM13A1. Data resulting from the present studies may be useful in further analysis in order to define the role of analysed genes (FAM13A, ABCG2, OPN, LAP3, HCAP-G, PPARGC1A) in relation to mastitis.