ABSTRACT
White male Wistar rats were poisoned orally with a single carbaryl dose 474 mg/kg (1/2 LD50). The activity of aminotransferases in the cytoplasma of liver homogenates catalysing the reactions between alpha-ketoglutarate and six amino acids (cysteine, lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, asparagine and valine) after 2, 4, 24 and 72 hours from the administration of the insecticide was determined. The activity of aminotransferases was expressed as the amount of glutamic acid developing during 1 hour of incubation of liver homogenate calculated for 1 g of tissue. Glutamic acid was determined spectrophotometrically after chromatographic separation on paper. The results of the investigations demonstrated that acute poisoning with carbaryl caused a statistically significant changes in the activity of two hepatic aminotransferases. A rise was observed in the activity of the enzyme causing transamination in the reaction between alpha-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine 24 hours after insecticide administration (64.1%), and a fall of the activity of the aminotransferase catalyzing the reaction between alpha-ketoglutarate and asparagine in the 4th, 24th and 72nd hours after intoxication (16.4%, 17.3% and 19.2% respectively).
Subject(s)
Carbaryl/poisoning , Liver/drug effects , Transaminases/metabolism , Amino Acids/metabolism , Animals , Ketoglutaric Acids/metabolism , Liver/enzymology , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Forty captive wapiti (Cervus elaphus) and thirty-two bison (Bison bison bison) were tested in April and October 1988, respectively, for their response to the sedative R51163. Treatment animals were injected with either 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg of R51163/kg and then observed for 72 hr. Behavior was significantly altered by the drug. Hyperactive, aggressive, and milling behavior was characteristic of treated wapiti and they were extremely dangerous and reared when hind quarters were touched. Although treated plains bison displayed some milling behavior, they were generally more calm than wapiti. There was a marked difference between sexes in plains bison for all behavioral categories. Male bison were more ataxic, often observed in sternal or lateral recumbency, less conscious, and were slower to respond than females or controls. Respiratory rate increased in treated wapiti and plains bison, and heart rates of treated wapiti increased. Because of the powerful sedative effect on large, male bison, R51163 may be useful for handling unmanageable or dangerous animals and warrants further studies.
Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Bison/physiology , Deer/physiology , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Piperidines , Aggression/drug effects , Animals , Ataxia/chemically induced , Ataxia/veterinary , Female , Gait/drug effects , Handling, Psychological , Heart Rate/drug effects , Male , Motor Activity/drug effects , Respiration/drug effects , Salivation/drug effects , Sex Characteristics , Species Specificity , TransportationABSTRACT
In vitro experiments the effect of chlorfenvinphos on aminotransferases activities in rat plasma and liver homogenate cytoplasmic fraction was studied. As amino groups donors in the transamination reactions with plasma enzymes the next eight amino acids were used: alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, phenylalanine, leucine, lysine, valine and asparagine, and with the liver cytoplasmatic enzymes--the same above mentioned without asparagine. In all these reactions as an amino groups acceptor alfa-ketoglutaric acid was used. To the incubation mixtures were added: 1 cm3 of the plasma or liver homogenate cytoplasmic fraction; 0.05 cm3 of chlorfenvinphos solution in ethyl acetate (0.17 mg/cm3) or 0.05 cm3 ethyl acetate. Aminotransferase activity was expressed as the amount of glutamate developing during 1 h incubation. Glutamic acid was determined spectrophotometrically after chromatographic separation on filter paper. Both in rat plasma and in liver cytoplasmic fraction all used amino acids as amino groups donors in the transamination reactions were shown. In the reactions with the blood plasma enzymes the most active donors were: alanine, aspartic acid and cysteine and with the participation of liver transaminases: alanine, aspartic acid and phenylalanine. As well in plasma, as in liver the greater activity of AlAT than of AspAT was observed. In the reaction with alanine and aspartate there was formed in the case of plasma 1.51 mumol Glu/cm3 and 1.00 mumol Glu/cm3 respectively and in the case of liver -69.07 mumol Glu/g and 53.26 mumol Glu/g respectively. Results of statistical analysis revealed that small plasma and liver aminotransferases inhibition was caused by the solvent, while the insecticide under test had no influence on the efficiency of transamination.
Subject(s)
Chlorfenvinphos/pharmacology , Liver/enzymology , Transaminases/metabolism , Animals , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
White male Wistar rats were poisoned orally with a single carbaryl dose 474 mg/kg (1/2 LD50). In the plasma of control animals and 2, 4, 24 and 72 hours after administration of the insecticide the activity of aminotransferase catalysing the reactions between alpha-ketoglutarate and six amino acids (cysteine, lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, asparagine and valine) was determined. Aminotransferases activity was expressed as the amount of glutamic acid developing during incubation of 1 cm3 of plasma for 1 hour. Glutamic acid was determined spectrophotometrically after chromatographic separation on paper. The results of the investigations demonstrated that acute intoxication with carbaryl caused a statistically significant increase in the activity of two aminotransferases in the plasma of experimental animals. A rise in the activity of the enzyme catalysing the reaction between alpha-ketoglutarate and asparagine ketoglutarate and lysine was observed.
Subject(s)
Carbaryl/poisoning , Glutamates/blood , Ketoglutaric Acids/metabolism , Lysine/metabolism , Animals , Glutamate Synthase/metabolism , Glutamic Acid , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
The authors studied the effect of chlorfenvinphos on the pyruvic acid level in the liver and cardiac muscle of male Wistar rats. The animals were intoxicated with chlorfenvinphos in a single oral dose of 5 mg/kg (0.5 LD50). The pyruvate was assayed spectrophotometrically after 2, 4 and 24 hours following administration of the insecticide. The results obtained indicate that after intoxication with chlorfenvinphos there are no changes in the pyruvic acid level in the liver, but in the heart muscle, two hours after administration of insecticide, a significant decrease of this keto acid was observed. No alterations were found 4 and 24 hours after intoxication with chlorfenvinphos.
Subject(s)
Chlorfenvinphos/poisoning , Disease Models, Animal , Heart/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Myocardium/metabolism , Pyruvates/metabolism , Acute Disease , Animals , Liver/metabolism , Male , Pyruvates/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyruvic Acid , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The concentration of lead was determined in the hair of 69 occupationally exposed and 55 non-exposed subjects. The mean lead content in the three selected occupationally exposed groups was 17.48, 29.03 and 25.74 micrograms/respectively, significant differences being found between some of them. The mean lead content in the hair of unexposed population was 4.20 micrograms/g. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated a highly significant difference in mean lead levels between exposed and non-exposed groups. The subjects occupationally exposed to lead and its compounds exhibited no significant correlation between lead concentrations in hair and delta-aminolevulinic acid concentrations in urine.
