ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Characteristics of the subsequent treatment received by people who screened positive for depression in the 1996 National Depression Screening Day were investigated. METHOD: A follow-up telephone survey was completed by 1,502 randomly selected participants from 2,800 sites. RESULTS: Of 927 people for whom additional evaluation was recommended, 602 (64.9%) obtained evaluations and 503 (83.6%) received treatment. Of these 503, 260 (51.7%) received psychotherapy and medication, 130 (25.8%) received medication only, and 93 (18.5%) received psychotherapy only. Compared with people without health or mental health insurance, individuals with health insurance (66.7% versus 57.5%) and mental health insurance (74.6% versus 55.3%) were more likely to comply with the recommendation to obtain follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: One-half of the people treated for depression received a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Lack of insurance was associated with not following the recommendation to obtain further evaluation and treatment.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder/therapy , Psychotherapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Canada , Combined Modality Therapy , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitalization , Humans , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data , Male , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Patient Compliance , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
We developed a questionnaire to assess the effect of finasteride on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by modifying that of Boyarsky (1977). To validate the questionnaire, a cohort study was conducted in 2 groups of patients with BPH and 3 control groups without BPH. The BPH groups were: (1) 34 patients before TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate), average age 68 years; (2) 65 patients after TURP, average age 68 years; (3) 40 patients after other nonserious nonurological surgery, average age 50 years; (4) 14 healthy non-BPH volunteers, average age 58 years; and (5) 73 healthy non-BPH volunteers, average age 37 years. The questionnaire was administered once to all subjects, and a subset responded to a second administration. Mean total symptoms scores (TSS) from the initial questioning were 6.4, 3.2, 2.9, 2.6, and 1.6 for the 5 groups, respectively (pooled SD = 3.3); mean total troublesome symptoms scores (TTSS) were 4.8, 2.1, 1.4, 1.1, and 0.6, respectively (pooled SD = 2.2). All other groups were significantly less symptomatic and troubled than the pre-TURP group, and all surgical groups were significantly more so than the younger volunteer group. These data demonstrate the discriminant validity of the questionnaire. Corroborating prior data [Gregg et al., 1990], responsiveness was shown by the 3.7-point mean TSS improvement in response to TURP, which was significantly different from the near-zero changes in the other groups. Reproducibility was shown by kappa statistics being nearly all greater than 0.75 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.64; construct validity and reliability were demonstrated by correlation (r = 0.7) with a general urination problems question; and internal consistency was documented by Cronbach's alpha values of approximately 0.6. We conclude that this questionnaire is a useful and validated tool for assessing BPH symptoms.
