Virio- and Bacterioplankton of the Coastal Water of the Moscow River.

The first study on the dynamics of virioplankton abundance (VA) in the coastal waters of the Moscow River in the autumn-winter period at stations differing in the level of anthropogenic impact has been performed. The VA in the waters of the more polluted Dzerzhinsky st. (with a mean of 235.6 ± 71.5 × 106 particles/mL, varying from 167.79 to 397.39 × 106 particles/mL) was higher than in the waters of the less polluted Tushino st. (with a mean value of 129.0 ± 39.6 × 106 particles/mL, varying from 61.01 to 186.85 × 106 particles/mL) throughout the study. Positive correlation was observed (R = 0.6, p < 0.01) between the abundances of virio- and bacterioplankton in the waters of the Dzerzhinsky st. We assume that a significant proportion of the virioplankton of the coastal waters o of the Moscow River is represented by bacteriophages. Three quarters of the differences in the VA dynamics were significantly positively correlated with the content of ammonium and phosphates in the waters at the Dzerzhinsky st. Apparently, an increase in the nutrient load is the main factor responsible for the high VA in the waters of the Moscow River in the autumn-winter period.

[Effect of lipolytic and catalase activity on physico-mechanical properties of coating Polyken 980-25].

Lipolytic and catalase activity of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes 109, Rhodococcus erythropolis 102, Bacillus subtilis 138 and their association with different growth models: biofilm and plankton ones. It is shown that under biofilm conditions the fermentative activity of bacteria under study was 1.5-1.7 times higher than under plankton conditions. Monocultures of bacteria displayed much lower activity than associative ones. Changes of physico-chemical properties of the specimens of protective coating Polyken 980-25 with participation of the above bacteria have been studied. The coating breaking strength decreases by 5.9-11.8% under the effect of monocultures, and by 17.3% under the effect of association. The adhesive strength as the basic index of coating biologic resistance decreased, respectively, in mono- and associated cultures by 28.6-73.2% in respect of the control. Damaging the sticking layer of isolation coating, bacteria damage the adhesion to metal which favors its corrosion.

[Monosaccharide and fatty acid composition of exopolymer complex of bacteria-destructors of the protective coating of gas pipeline].

Monosaccharide and fatty acid composition of the exopolymer complex (EPC) of heterotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas pseudoalkaligenes 109, Pseudomonas sp. T/2, Rhodococcus erythropolis 102--destructors of the protective coating Polyken 980-25 has been studied. It is shown that qualitative and quantitative composition of EPC components changes depending on the model of bacteria growth. Arabinose, mannose, galactose and glucose are dominating saccharides. Xylose has been revealed only under conditions of the biofilm form of growth of all the studied bacteria; ribose only in the biofilm of Pseudomonas sp. T/2. The fatty acid composition of EPC contains saturated and unsaturated acids with 12-19 carbon atoms. Hexadecanoic acid (C 16:0) acid which content in the biofilm and plankton conditions is from 24.9 to 32.4% prevailed in the spectrum of fatty acids of EPC bacteria. Unsaturated fatty acids: hexadecanoic (C 16:1) and octadecenoic (C 18:1) ones have been revealed only in the biofilm of bacteria-destructors of the coating.

[Dynamics of the recovery of disturbed functions in patients with stroke after carotid endarterectomy].

The recovery of disturbed functions was followed up for 1 year after ischemic stroke in 85 patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of internal carotid arteries. Fifty patients underwent carotid endarterectomy and 35 patients refused surgery. Somatic signs, neurological status measured with the NIH-NINDS, functional state (Barthel index), quality of life and neuropsychological status were assessed. The Doppler ultrasound of precerebral arteries and neurovisualization were performed. The significant positive changes, including the reduction of focal neurological deficit, the improvement of cognitive functions and quality of life, the normalization of functional state, were noted after the carotid endarterectomy. In patients who refused surgery, these parameters did not change significantly compared to baseline. The number of the recorded ischemic events in the operated patients was much lower as well.

[Segmental structure of the EEG alpha activity in adolescents with disorders of schizophrenic spectrum].

The EEG records of 39 healthy adolescents and 45 age-matched schizophrenic patients were analyzed. The broad-band EEG spectral analysis and segmental analysis of the alpha-activity revealed significant differences between the groups. Schizophrenics differed in a decreased spectral power for the alpha2 and betal frequency bands and increased power for the delta and theta bands. Also, in schizophrenic adolescents, quasi-stationary alpha-rhythm segments were longer, and within-segmental EEG amplitudes were higher than in the healthy subjects; the amplitude variability and the steepness of transitions between neighbor segments were increased. The results of the EEG segmental analysis suggest a disintegration of local cortical neuronal ensembles in schizophrenia.

[Implementation of modern trends in the methods of the ventilation support in the new apparatus for artificial lung ventilation Avenir-221 P].

In the new ventilator Avenir-221 P modern lines of development of ventilation support in intensive therapy of adults and children are implemented. The capacities of the ventilator are successfully combined with its technical decisions which include microprocessor parametrical controlling, programming-controlled electric drive, an information saturation, intuitively clear control system, protection against interruption of power supply sources and oxygen feeding falls. A set of functional characteristics (modes VCV, PCV, Ass/Contr, PSV, SIMV, PEEP, Sigh, etc.) in combination with an original design make the device the most accessible and promising for application in intensive care and resuscitation units of a wide network of Russian hospitals and clinics. The ventilator Avenir-221 P has passed all required tests and is presently commercially available.

[Experience in the use of the new artificial lung ventilation apparatus "Avenir-221P" for treatment of children].

The positive features of the new ventilator Avenir-221 P, such as wide set of functional characteristics, built-in monitoring with indication of many digital and analog parameters on a screen, reliability and convenience of work are briefly described. The long experience of application of the device for intensive care of children in the age ranging from 7 days up to 14 years in Intensive care and resuscitation unit of the St. Vladimir children's municipal clinical hospital (Moscow) is discussed The conclusion is made that the MLV apparatus Avenir-221 P for treatment of children will be of considerable demand in urban and rural regional hospitals of the appropriate structure.

[Microflora of damaged ferroconcrete structures under the conditions of inhibitory protection]. / Mikroflora povrezhdennykh zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsii v usloviiakh ingibitornoi zashchity.

Thionic, sulphate-reducing, denitrifying and ammonifying bacteria widely distributed in the sewer system on various structure elements have been isolated from damaged ferroconcrete samples. Effect of protective materials on microbe-induced corrosion of metal famework of concrete samples has been studied. Selective effect of corrosion inhibitors and coatings on the growth of corrosion-active bacteria of sulphur and nitrogen cycle has been revealed. It is shown that acid medium formed by thionic bacteria is more aggressive than ammonium-hydrosulphide one formed by denitrifying and sulphate-reducing bacteria. It has been established that the corrosion inhibitor--pyrquin, organosilicon coating CO-FMI and epoxyorganosilicon coating 4sk are most effective materials as to the action of thionic bacteria--dangerous agents of ferroconcrete aerobic corrosion.

[Typology of disordered eating behaviour (anorexia nervosa with bulimia and vomitomanic disturbances) in children and adolescents]. / Tipologiia narushenii pishchevogo povedeniia (nervnaia anoreksiia s bulimiei i vomitomanicheskimi rasstroistvami) u detei i podrostkov.

Eighty children (66 girls and 14 boys), aged 6-16 years, with syndrome of anorexia nervosa (AN) have been studied. Two nosologic groups: pathological age crisis of childhood and adolescence (F50.0-F50.2 in ICD-10)--30 patients and slow-progressive schizophrenia (schizotypical disorder, F21.3-F21.4)--50 patients are determined. The latter group was divided according to syndrome types: syndrome of AN (28 patients); AN syndrome with predominant bulimia (11 patients); AN syndrome with dominating bulimia and vomitomanic disturbances (11 patients). Syndrome structure was determined by the stages of the course, syntropy character with other psychopathological disorders and process of their reduction. Psychotic disorders in patients of the third type were most pronounced. In each group, statistically significant EEG features, comparing to control age-matched group, were revealed. The severer were psychopathological symptoms, the less was an amount of organized and the more--desynchronized "flat" EEG.

[About the past and present of the Department of General and Soil Microbiology and ... something else]. / O proshlom i nastoiashchem otdela obshchei i pochvennoi mikrobiologii i ... eshche koe o chem.

A historical essay of creative path of collective of the Department of General and Soil Microbiology, founded in 1928, is presented. Two research schools have been formed for the past years: ecophysiology of soil microflora and geochemical activity of microorganisms. L. I. Rubenchik stood at the sources of these schools. A problem of soil biology and microorganisms interrelations with higher plants occupies a considerable place in the Department research. Separate groups, microorganisms and microbe cenoses are studied as a whole as the complex self-regulated system. The investigations of microbe corrosion of metals initiated by a necessity to solve urgent problems of Kyiv metro have been formed as the priority trend. Agents and mechanisms of biological damages of the overground, underground and underwater structures are studied and the grounds of anticorrosion measures are developed within the framework of these trends.

[Methods for estimation of microbe resistance of protective coatings]. / Metody otsenki mikrobnoi stoikosti zashchitnykh pokrytii.

Methods are proposed which permit estimating bioresistance of protective materials against denitrifying hydrocarbon-oxidizing and sulphate-reducing bacteria-destructors of coatings in laboratory conditions. The methods are based on the quantitative determination of bacteria growth in presence of coatings as the only source of hydrocarbon. Besides, attention is given to changes of certain indices of physico-mechanical properties of coatings: breaking strength and adhesion strength for coatings from polymeric bands, softening and expansion temperature for mastic materials.

[Effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria on steel corrosion in the presence of inhibitors]. / Vliianie sul'fatredutsiruiushchikh bakterii na korroziiu stali v prisutstvii ingibitorov.

Steel 08KP corrosion was studied as affected by inhibitors in presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Organic compounds, containing functional groups with nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur atoms, were investigated as corrosion inhibitors. It is shown that the studied inhibitors may be divided into three groups as to the mechanism of protective action. It has been established that cation-active nitrogen-containing surfactants ([symbol: see text] X, [symbol: see text]-1, [symbol: see text]-1M, catapin M, [symbol: see text]-2M) are the most efficient steel corrosion inhibitors. Such inhibitors, when adsorbed on metal surface, can affect the process of hydrogen precipitation on its surface, and thus inhibit catalytic function of SRB as the depolarizer of cathode process.

[Formation of microbial populations on the surface of protective coatings]. / Formirovanie mikrobnykh soobshchestv na poverkhnosti zashchitnykh pokrytii.

Formation of microbial cenosis on the surface of polyethylene-, polyurethane- and oil-bitumen-based protective coatings was studied in dynamics during 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. It has been shown that the biofilm was formed on the protective materials during 14 days and consisted of ammonifying, denitrifying, hydrocarbon-oxidizing and sulphate-reducing bacteria referred to Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Bacillus and Kesulfovibrio genera. The bacteria which form the biofilm on coatings possess high denitrifying and sulphate-reducing activities. Corrosion inhibitors-biocydes, introduced in composition of oil-bitumen coatings suppressed growth and metabolic activity of corrosion-active bacteria.

[An experience of the application of rispolept in childhood schizophrenia]. / Opyt primeneniia preparata rispolept pri shizofrenii detskogo vozrasta.

The efficiency of rispolept was examined in open non-comparative study which included 32 patients 6.5-16 years of age with schizophrenic spectrum disorders. Efficiency of the drug was estimated by clinical psychopathologic method together with the evaluation according to the PANSS. 5 patients were additionally estimated according to the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) for the obsessive-compulsive disorders (a children version). The drug was used during 6 weeks in therapeutic doses from 4 to 8 mg/day. Reduction of the symptoms was 42% according to the PANNS for the positive items and 39% for the negative ones. There was also a significant decrease of manifestations of the obsessive-compulsive symptomatology according to CY-BOCS and of the depressive symptomatology according to the PANSS. Side effects comprised by vasotonic reactions (2 cases), oculomotor (2 cases) and torsion (one case) dyskinesias, which quickly disappeared after the correctors' administration. Extrapyramidal disorders were observed only after the increase of the dose up to 6-8 mg/day (3 cases). Results of the study have shown a high therapeutic efficiency of rispolept for childhood schizophrenia.

[Assessment of biological corrosion of ferroconcrete of ground-based industrial structures]. / Otsenka biokorrozionnogo sostoianiia zhelezobetona nazemnykh promyshlennykh konstruktsii.

One of the objects of a nuclear plant built in 1983 and put in 15-years long dead storage with the purpose to estimate the degree of contamination by rust-hazardous microorganisms of ferroconcrete structures and to predict their biocorrosion state after putting in operation was a subject of microbiological investigation. The everywhere distribution of sulphur cycle bacteria (thionic and sulphate-reducing bacteria) on the surface and in the bulk of concrete structures, their confineness to corrosion products of concrete and bars of the investigated building have been shown. It has been demonstrated that sulphate-reducing bacteria were the most distributed group in all the sampling points. An indirect estimation of participation degree of the microbial communities in the processes of ferroconcrete biological damages has been carried out as based on the accumulation intensity of aggressive gaseous metabolites--carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Probability of deterioration of biocorrosion situation under the full-scale operation of the object has been substantiated.

Immunogenicity of tetanus-diphtheria toxoids (Td) among Ukrainian adults: implications for diphtheria control in the Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union.

After 30 years of control, epidemic diphtheria returned to the Soviet Union in 1990. To develop control strategies, the immunogenicity of the tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccine was assessed. Workers who were 18-67 years old received two Td immunizations separated by 30 days. A neutralization assay determined diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) on enrollment and on days 7, 30, 60, and 425. On enrollment, 43.0% of 488 workers had DAT <0.1 IU/mL. After one dose, 88.5% had DAT >/=0.1 IU/mL, after two doses, 92.2% had >/=0.1 IU/mL and >90% of participants <30 or >/=50 years of age attained >/=1.0 IU/mL; however, only 78.4% of those who were 30-39 years old and 51.8% of those who were 40-49 years old achieved >/=1.0 IU/mL after two doses. To control the epidemic in Ukraine, one Td dose should be administered to virtually the entire population (persons 30-49 years old require three doses of Td for optimal individual protection and to maximize population immunity).

[Genetic analysis of anatomical and morphologic traits of the brain, determined by magnetic resonance imaging in families of schizophrenic patients]. / Geneticheskii analiz anatomo-morfologicheskikh priznakov golovnogo mozga, vyiavliaemykh s pomoshch'iu magnito-rezonansnogo issledovaniia v se'miakh bol'nykh shizofreniei.

Genetic analysis of clinical data and data obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on 26 families of schizophrenic patients (26 probands who were patients with schizophrenia, 47 parents, and 15 siblings) revealed an enlargement of the ventricular brain system both in probands and their affected and healthy relatives. Most MRI parameters had high coefficients of inheritance and tended to be linked with positive and negative psychopathological symptoms. Our results confirm the hypothesis of genetic predisposition to the structural changes in the brains of schizophrenic patients and suggest that such MRI characteristics as the width of the anterior horn of the left lateral ventricle in the region of the caudate nucleus, the width of the central region of the left lateral ventricle, the width of the anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle in the region of the caudate nucleus, and the width of the central region of the right lateral ventricle may serve as a marker of predisposition to schizophrenia.