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1.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 20255, 2023 Nov 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37985733

ABSTRACT

We developed a new kind of compact flat-surface nanostructured gradient index vortex phase mask, for the effective generation of optical vortex beams in broadband infrared wavelength range. A low-cost nanotechnological material method was employed for this work. The binary structure component consists of 17,557 nano-sized rods made of two lead-bismuth-gallium silicate glasses which were developed in-house. Those small rods are spatially arranged in such a way that, according to effective medium theory, the refractive index of this internal structure is constant in the radial direction and linearly changes following azimuthal angle. Numerical results demonstrated that a nanostructured vortex phase mask with a thickness of 19 µm can convert Gaussian beams into fundamental optical vortices over 290 nm wavelength bandwidth from 1275 to 1565 nm. This has been confirmed in experiments using three diode laser sources operating at 1310, 1550, and 1565 nm. The generation of vortex beams is verified through their uniform doughnut-like intensity distributions, clear astigmatic transformation patterns, and spiral as well as fork-like interferograms. This new flat-surface component can be directly mounted to an optical fiber tip for simplifying vortex generator systems as well as easier manipulation of the generated OVB in three-dimensional space.

2.
Opt Lett ; 48(21): 5527-5530, 2023 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37910694

ABSTRACT

Nonlinear wavefront shaping in periodically poled ferroelectric crystals has received great attention because it offers a convenient way to generate a structured light beam at new frequencies. In contrast to structurally uniform beams like Laguerre-Gaussian or Hermite-Gaussian modes, here we demonstrate the possibility to generate a spatially varied optical bottle beam via a frequency doubling process in a domain-engineered Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 (SBN) crystal. The nonlinear holography method was employed to design the modulation pattern of the second-order nonlinear coefficient χ(2), and the femtosecond laser poling was used to imprint the χ(2) pattern into the SBN crystal via ferroelectric domain inversion. The second harmonic bottle beam with zero intensity in its center that is surrounded in all three dimensions by light was observed with the incidence of a fundamental Gaussian beam. These results are useful for nonlinear generation and control of structured light at new frequencies, which has important applications in nonlinear photonics and quantum optics.

3.
Opt Express ; 31(15): 25143-25152, 2023 Jul 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37475326

ABSTRACT

Asymmetric control of light with nonlinear material is of great significance in the design of novel micro-photonic components, such as asymmetric imaging devices and nonreciprocal directional optical filters. However, the use of nonlinear photonic crystals for asymmetric optical transmission, to the best of our knowledge, is still an untouched area of research. Herein we propose the 3D nonlinear detour phase holography for realizing asymmetric SH wavefront shaping by taking advantage of the dependence of the SH phase on the propagation direction of the excitation beam. With the proposed method, the designed nonreciprocal 3D nonlinear detour phase hologram yields SH phases with opposite signs for the forward and backward transmission situations. Moreover, the quasi-phase-matching scheme and orbital angular momentum conservation in the asymmetric SH wavefront shaping process are also discussed. This study conceptually extends the 2D nonlinear detour phase holography into 3D space to build the nonreciprocal 3D nonlinear detour phase hologram for achieving SH twin-image elimination and asymmetric SH wavefront shaping, offering new possibilities for the design of nonreciprocal optical devices.

4.
Opt Express ; 31(4): 5843-5852, 2023 Feb 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36823856

ABSTRACT

Direct femtosecond laser writing of ferroelectric domain structures has been an indispensable technique for engineering the second-order optical nonlinearity of materials in three dimensions. It utilizes localized thermoelectric field motivated by nonlinear absorption at the position of laser focus to manipulate domains. However, the impact of laser wavelengths, which is pivotal in nonlinear absorption, on the inverted domains is still sketchy. Herein, the light-induced ferroelectric domain inversion is experimentally studied. It is shown that the domain inversions can be achieved over a broad spectral range, but the optical threshold for domain inversion varies dramatically with the laser wavelength, which can be explained by considering the physical mechanism of femtosecond laser poling and nonlinear absorption properties of the crystal. Meanwhile, the effects of other laser processing parameters are also experimentally investigated. Our findings are useful to guide the fabrication of high-performance optical and electronic devices based on ferroelectric domains.

5.
Opt Express ; 30(25): 45635-45647, 2022 Dec 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36522966

ABSTRACT

We report an experimental study on transmission of orbital angular momentum mode in antiresonant fibers generated with a dedicated all-fiber optical vortex phase mask. The vortex generator can convert Gaussian beam into vortex beams with topological charge l = 1. Generated vortex beam is directly butt-coupled into the antiresonant fiber and propagates over distance of 150 cm. The stability and sensitivity of the transmitted vortex beam on the external perturbations including bending, axial stress, and twisting is investigated. We demonstrate distortion-free vortex propagation for the axial stress force below 0.677 N, a bend radius greater than 10 cm.

6.
Opt Lett ; 47(15): 3656-3659, 2022 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35913282

ABSTRACT

Transverse second-harmonic generation, in which the emission angles of the second harmonic are determined by the spatial modulation of the quadratic nonlinearity, has important applications in nonlinear optical imaging, holography, and beam shaping. Here we study the role of the local duty cycle of the nonlinearity on the light intensity distribution in transverse second-harmonic generation, taking the generation of perfect vortices in periodically poled ferroelectric crystal as an example. We show, theoretically and experimentally, that spatial variations of the nonlinearity modulation must be accompanied by the corresponding changes of the width of inverted ferroelectric domains, to ensure uniformity of the light intensity distribution in the generated second harmonic. This work provides a fundamental way to achieve high-quality transverse second-harmonic generation and, hence, opens more possibilities in applications based on harmonic generation and its control.

7.
Nat Commun ; 13(1): 4393, 2022 Jul 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35906224

ABSTRACT

The chaotic evolution resulting from the interplay between topology and nonlinearity in photonic systems generally forbids the sustainability of optical currents. Here, we systematically explore the nonlinear evolution dynamics in topological photonic lattices within the framework of optical thermodynamics. By considering an archetypical two-dimensional Haldane photonic lattice, we discover several prethermal states beyond the topological phase transition point and a stable global equilibrium response, associated with a specific optical temperature and chemical potential. Along these lines, we provide a consistent thermodynamic methodology for both controlling and maximizing the unidirectional power flow in the topological edge states. This can be achieved by either employing cross-phase interactions between two subsystems or by exploiting self-heating effects in disordered or Floquet topological lattices. Our results indicate that photonic topological systems can in fact support robust photon transport processes even under the extreme complexity introduced by nonlinearity, an important feature for contemporary topological applications in photonics.

8.
Opt Lett ; 47(8): 2056-2059, 2022 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35427335

ABSTRACT

We used an all-optical poling method to fabricate quadratic nonlinearity gratings in a tetragonal 0.62Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.38PbTiO3 (PMN-38PT) crystal. We then employed these gratings in quasi-phase matched collinear second harmonic generation processes. By measuring the second harmonic output, we provided, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, quantitative estimates of all three non-zero quadratic nonlinearity coefficients of the PMN-38PT crystal.

9.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 4042, 2022 03 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35260751

ABSTRACT

Photobiomodulation (PBM) in the red/near-infrared (R/NIR) spectral range has become widely recognized due to its anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective potential. We aimed to assess the effects of blood PBM on platelets function and hemolysis in an in vitro setting. Porcine blood samples were separated into four aliquots for this study, one of which served as a control, while the other three were subjected to three different NIR PBM dosages. The platelet count and functions and the plasma free haemoglobin and osmotic fragility of red blood cells were measured during the experiment. The control group had a considerable drop in platelet number, but the NIR exposed samples had more minimal and strictly dose-dependent alterations. These modifications were consistent with ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, red blood cells that had received PBM were more resistant to osmotic stress and less prone to hemolysis, as seen by a slightly lower quantity of plasma free hemoglobin. Here we showed under well-controlled in vitro conditions that PBM reversibly inhibits platelet activation in a dose-dependent manner and reduces hemolysis.


Subject(s)
Blood Platelets , Hemolysis , Animals , Erythrocytes , Hematologic Tests , Platelet Activation , Swine
10.
Opt Express ; 29(6): 8015-8023, 2021 Mar 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33820256

ABSTRACT

We investigate scalar and vector multi-hump spatial solitons resulting from competing Kerr-like nonlinear responses excited in a nonlocal medium by either one or two (mutually incoherent) light beams. Two-color vector supermode solitons are more amenable to control but exhibit an intriguing form of spontaneous symmetry breaking in propagation.

11.
Nanoscale ; 13(4): 2693-2702, 2021 Feb 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33496709

ABSTRACT

Nonlinear photonic crystals are capable of highly efficient nonlinear wavefront manipulation, providing a promising platform for compact and large-scale integrated nonlinear devices. However, the current nonlinear encoding methods for nonlinear photonic crystals inherently require a number of disordered and complex microstructures, which are quite challenging in a real fabrication process. Herein we propose and experimentally demonstrate a nonlinear detour phase method for nonlinear wavefront manipulation in nonlinear photonic crystals. With the proposed method, the designed nonlinear detour phase hologram only requires a set of basic building blocks with simple shapes, which are easy to fabricate by using the femtosecond laser writing technique. The second-harmonic hologram is demonstrated by designing the nonlinear detour phase patterns, and the quasi-phase-matching scheme in the second-harmonic holographic imaging process is also discussed. This study conceptually extends the conventional detour phase method into the nonlinear regime, offering new possibilities for compact nonlinear micro-devices with multi-functions.

12.
Opt Lett ; 46(1): 62-65, 2021 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33362016

ABSTRACT

We study the propagation dynamics of bright optical vortex solitons in nematic liquid crystals with a nonlocal reorientational nonlinear response. We investigate the role of optical birefringence on the stability of these solitons. In agreement with recent experimental observations, we show that the birefringence-induced astigmatism can eventually destabilize these vortex solitons. However, for low and moderate birefringence, vortex solitons can propagate stably over experimentally relevant distances.

13.
Opt Express ; 28(14): 21143-21154, 2020 Jul 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32680160

ABSTRACT

We study the theoretical formation of optical vortices using a nanostructured gradient index phase mask. We consider structures composed of spatially distributed thermally matched glass nanorods with high and low refractive indices. Influence of effective refractive profile distribution, refractive index contrast of component glasses and charge value on the quality of generation of vortices are discussed. A trade-off between waveguiding and phase modulation effects for various refractive index contrast is presented and analysed.

14.
Nat Commun ; 10(1): 3208, 2019 Jul 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31324760

ABSTRACT

Generation of coherent light with desirable amplitude and phase profiles throughout the optical spectrum is a key issue in optical technologies. Nonlinear wavefront shaping offers an exceptional way to achieve this goal by converting an incident light beam into the beam (or beams) of different frequency with spatially modulated amplitude and phase. The realization of such frequency conversion and shaping processes critically depends on the matching of phase velocities of interacting waves, for which nonlinear photonic crystals (NPCs) with spatially modulated quadratic nonlinearity have shown great potential. Here, we present the first experimental demonstration of nonlinear wavefront shaping with three-dimensional (3D) NPCs formed by ultrafast-light-induced ferroelectric domain inversion approach. Compared with those previously used low-dimensional structures, 3D NPCs provide all spatial degrees of freedom for the compensation of phase mismatch in nonlinear interactions and thereby constitute an unprecedented system for the generation and control of coherent light at new frequencies.

15.
Opt Lett ; 44(2): 267-270, 2019 Jan 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30644877

ABSTRACT

We study experimentally the interaction of mutually incoherent bright spatial solitons in dye-doped nematic liquid crystals (LCs). The dye-induced light absorption results in a complex nonlinear optical response of the LC having spatially nonlocal focusing and defocusing contributions. The competition between both nonlinearities leads to the separation-dependent soliton interaction with repulsion of distant and attraction of closely placed solitons.

16.
Opt Express ; 26(18): 23196-23206, 2018 Sep 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30184974

ABSTRACT

We study nonlinear propagation of light in colloidal suspension of metallic nanoparticles, in the regime of particles surface plasmon resonance. We show that the propagation exhibits features typical for purely defocusing media and the observed spatial confinement is not a real self-trapping, as for solitons, but rather than is caused by the phase modulation of the beam via nonlocal defocusing nonlinearity. We also show that the light-induced refractive index change in the suspension leads to stabilization of structured light beams. In particular, we demonstrate a stable nonlinear propagation of bright ring beams with complex states of polarization, including practically important radial and azimuthal states.

17.
Opt Express ; 26(7): 8628-8633, 2018 Apr 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29715827

ABSTRACT

We present an experimental study on the Cerenkov second harmonic emission in a novel sunflower spiral array of ferroelectric domains in LiNbO3 crystal. The spiral patterns offer a diffusive, circularly symmetric distribution of reciprocal lattice vectors, thereby enabling enhanced emission of the Cerenkov beam in a broad spectral range. Instead of the traditional electric field poling, the sunflower spiral patterns are fabricated here by using our pioneering method of ferroelectric domain engineering with ultrafast light. This all-optical method gives access to high quality domain structures with short periods, which is beneficial for efficient Cerenkov harmonic generation.

18.
Opt Lett ; 43(1): 66-69, 2018 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29328198

ABSTRACT

We report on the first experimental observation of stable vortex solitons in nematic liquid crystals with nonlocal nonlinear reorientational response. We show how these nonlinear vortex beams can be formed and confined in extraordinary optical waves by employing the cell with no lateral boundary conditions and the application of an external magnetic field that effectively controls the molecular direction and propagation of the self-trapped beams. We also find that these vortex solitons can be generated in certain ranges of the input beam power.

19.
Opt Express ; 25(25): 31443-31450, 2017 Dec 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29245819

ABSTRACT

We report the development of microscopic size gradient index vortex masks using the modified stack-and-draw technique. The vortex mask has a form of flat surface all-glass plate. Its functionality is determined by an internal nanostructure composed of two types of soft glass nanorods. The generation of optical vortices with charges 1 and 2 is demonstrated.

20.
Opt Express ; 25(20): 23893-23898, 2017 Oct 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29041338

ABSTRACT

We study light propagation in nematic liquid crystals in the context of spatial optical solitons formation. We propose a simple analytical model with multiplicative nonlinearity, which represents (qualitatively) the liquid crystal response by comprising the competition between focusing (reorientational) and defocusing (thermal) nonlocal nonlinearities. We show that at sufficiently high input power the interplay between both nonlinearities leads to the formations of two-peak solitons, which represent supermodes of the self-induced extended waveguide structure. We explain the beam splitting mechanism, discuss threshold effects and conclude that similar phenomena might be present in other media with competing nonlocal nonlinearities.

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