ABSTRACT
(23)Na NMR microimaging is described to map, for the first time, the sodium distribution in living plants. As an example, the response of 6-day-old seedlings of Ricinus communis to exposure to sodium chloride concentrations from 5 to 300 mM was observed in vivo using (23)Na as well as (1)H NMR microimaging. Experiments were performed at 11.75 T with a double resonant (23)Na-(1)H probehead. The probehead was homebuilt and equipped with a climate chamber. T(1) and T(2) of (23)Na were measured in the cross section of the hypocotyl. Within 85 min (23)Na images with an in-plane resolution of 156 x 156 micrometer were acquired. With this spatial information, the different types of tissue in the hypocotyl can be discerned. The measurement time appears to be short compared to the time scale of sodium uptake and accumulation in the plant so that the kinetics of salt stress can be followed. In conclusion, (23)Na NMR microimaging promises great potential for physiological studies of the consequences of salt stress on the macroscopic level and thus may become a unique tool for characterizing plants with respect to salt tolerance and salt sensitivity.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Plants, Toxic , Ricinus/metabolism , Sodium/metabolism , Hydrogen/metabolism , Hypocotyl/cytology , Hypocotyl/drug effects , Hypocotyl/metabolism , Ricinus/cytology , Ricinus/drug effects , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Sodium IsotopesABSTRACT
Este libro recoge las intervenciones presentadas en el Seminario Internacional "Desarrollo Indígena: Pobreza, Democracia y Sustentabilidad" organizado con ocasión de la I Asamblea General del Fondo para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de América Latina y El Caribe (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; 22 y 23 de mayo de 1995).
Subject(s)
Indigenous Peoples , Personal Autonomy , Sustainable Development , PovertyABSTRACT
Este libro recoge las intervenciones presentadas en el Seminario. Se organizó en cuatro panales, cada uno de los cuales contó con la participación de un expositor y varios panelistas. En cada panel se procuró contar con opiniones de dirigentes indígenas, responsables de instituciones nacionales de asuntos idígenas u organismos internacionales de cooperación y de expertos independientes. Aborda los temas sobre: Desarrollo indígena: pobreza, democracia y sustentabilidad, en Bolivia