ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is limited knowledge on epidemiological injury data in judo. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review scientific literature on the frequency and characteristics of injuries in judo. METHODS: The available literature up to June 2013 was searched for prospective as well as retrospective studies on injuries in judo. Data extraction and presentation focused on the incidence rate, injury risk, types, location and causes of injuries. RESULTS: During the Olympic Games in 2008 and 2012, an average injury risk of about 11-12% has been observed. Sprains, strains and contusions, usually of the knee, shoulder and fingers, were the most frequently reported injuries, whereas being thrown was the most common injury mechanism. Severe injuries were quite rare and usually affected the brain and spine, whereas chronic injuries typically affected the finger joints, lower back and ears. The most common types of injuries in young judo athletes were contusions/abrasions, fractures and sprains/strains. Sex-differences data on judo injuries were mostly inconsistent. Some studies suggested a relationship between nutrition, hydration and/or weight cycling and judo injuries. Also, psychological factors may increase the risk of judo injuries. CONCLUSIONS: The present review provides the latest knowledge on the frequency and characteristics of injuries in judo. Comprehensive knowledge about the risk of injury during sport activity and related risk factors represents an essential basis to develop effective strategies for injury prevention. Thus, the introduction of an ongoing injury surveillance system in judo is of utmost importance.
Subject(s)
Martial Arts/injuries , Adolescent , Athletic Injuries/epidemiology , Athletic Injuries/etiology , Athletic Injuries/prevention & control , Child , Contusions/epidemiology , Contusions/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Extremities/injuries , Female , Fractures, Bone/epidemiology , Fractures, Bone/etiology , Humans , Joint Dislocations/epidemiology , Joint Dislocations/etiology , Male , Sex Distribution , Spinal Injuries/epidemiology , Spinal Injuries/etiology , Sprains and Strains/epidemiology , Sprains and Strains/etiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine the effects of a single low-dose (500 mg) acetaminophen on body temperature and running performance in the heat (30 °C). METHODS: This is a randomized, cross-over pilot study performed in a climatic chamber at the Department of Sport Science of the University of Innsbruck. Seven male sport students (age, 25.9 ± 2.3 years; VO2max, 67.3 ± 7.1 mL/min/kg) participated in the study. Each participant performed two prolonged exercise tests at a constant intensity on a treadmill at a temperature of 30 °C at an individual intensity corresponding to 70 % VO2max. Two hours before exercising participants were randomly assigned to receive acetaminophen (500 mg) or placebo and performed the same test 2 weeks later with reverse pre-treatment. RESULTS: After 20 min of running in the heat core temperature increase was less under acetaminophen (P = 0.004) and heart rates were higher (P = 0.02) compared to placebo. At the end of exercise neither running time nor body temperature nor ratings of perceived exertion differed between groups. CONCLUSION: Although the increase in core temperature was slightly reduced by acetaminophen after 20 minutes of running in the heat running performance remained unaffected after pre-treatment with a single low-dose of acetaminophen.