ABSTRACT
Several animal (lamb, poultry and swine) fatty wastes were pyrolyzed under nitrogen, in a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor and the main products (liquid bio-oil, solid bio-char and syngas) were obtained. The purpose of this study is to produce and characterize bio-oil and bio-char obtained from pyrolysis of animal fatty wastes. The maximum production of bio-oil was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C and a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The chemical (GC-MS analyses) and spectroscopic analyses (FTIR analyses) of bio-oil showed that it is a complex mixture consisting of different classes of organic compounds, i.e., hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, cyclic compounds...etc.), carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters,...etc. According to fuel properties, produced bio-oils showed good properties, suitable for its use as an engine fuel or as a potential source for synthetic fuels and chemical feedstock. Obtained bio-chars had low carbon content and high ash content which make them unattractive for as renewable source energy.
Subject(s)
Biofuels , Oils/analysis , Oils/chemistry , Refuse Disposal/methods , Animals , Biofuels/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Hot Temperature , Poultry , Refuse Disposal/instrumentation , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Swine , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To study of the association between thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: [corrected] Retrospective study of 78 patients undergoing surgery between 2001 and 2002, with a pathological diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The clinical data and complementary tests performed before surgery are reported. RESULTS: The mean age was 44.6 years, with 77 females and only one male. There were 12 cases of thyroid cancer associated with HT, mostly with the nodular form, with 11 papillary carcinoma (14.1%) and one non-hodgkin B lymphoma of the thyroid. Tumor size varied from 4 to 60 mm with a mean of 26 mm. There was one microcancer (size<10 mm). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find an increased incidence of thyroid cancer associated with this highly selected population of HT patients.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Papillary/complications , Hashimoto Disease/complications , Lymphoma, B-Cell/complications , Thyroid Neoplasms/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Female , Hashimoto Disease/diagnosis , Hashimoto Disease/diagnostic imaging , Hashimoto Disease/pathology , Hashimoto Disease/surgery , Humans , Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Function Tests , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroidectomy , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The management of diagnosis, treatment and outcome of malignant neoplasm arising in a lingual thyroid. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report a case of papillary-follicular carcinoma arising in a lingual thyroid. RESULTS: Lingual carcinoma causes dysphagia and pain due to oropharyngeal obstruction. Surgical pharyngotomy with a trans-hyoid approach provides good access to the lesions. Therefore, the eutopic thyroid was present, in pretracheal position, without neoplastic proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Carcinoma arising in lingual thyroid is an extreme rare entity. Its diagnosis is histologic. Its treatment is surgical associated with radio-iodine therapy.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular , Choristoma , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid Neoplasms , Tongue Diseases/complications , Tongue Neoplasms , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular/surgery , Child , Choristoma/complications , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Laryngoscopy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroidectomy , Time Factors , Tongue/pathology , Tongue Neoplasms/diagnosis , Tongue Neoplasms/pathology , Tongue Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Congenital cystic dilatation of bile ducts is a rare condition. We report a retrospective study about 18 patients having congenital bile duct cysts. According to Todani's classification, 11 cases were type I and 7 were type V. Six patients from the first group had a pancreatobiliary maljunction. A total resection of the cyst was conducted in the type I cysts. Anatomopathologic examination showed an adenocarcinoma of a common bile duct cyst. In one case, a cancer of the gall bladder associated to a common bile duct cyst in another case. Three patients with segmental dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts (type V) underwent liver resection. Four patients had a diffuse form, one of them was treated by percutaneous drainage, and in the other cases a hepatojejunostomy was performed. Postoperative course was complicated with acute cholangitis in these four cases. Percutaneous drainage and antibiotics allowed a positive outcome in most of the cases. In one case, secondary biliary cirrhosis occurred as a long-term complication. Congenital cystic dilatation of bile ducts is considered to be a precancer state. Enterocystic anastomosis is proscribed and the resection has to be as complete as possible.
