ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The following crossover pilot study attempts to prove the effects of endurance training through mountain hiking in high-risk suicide patients. METHOD: Participants (n = 20) having attempted suicide at least once and clinically diagnosed with hopelessness were randomly distributed among two groups. Group 1 (n = 10) began with a 9-week hiking phase followed by a 9-week control phase. Group 2 (n = 10) worked vice versa. Assessments included the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Scale of Suicide Ideation (BSI), and maximum physical endurance. RESULTS: Ten participants of Group 1 and seven participants of Group 2 completed the study. A comparison between conditions showed that, in the hiking phase, there was a significant decrease in hopelessness (P < 0.0001, d = -1.4) and depression (P < 0.0001, d = -1.38), and a significant increase in physical endurance (P < 0.0001, d = 1.0), but no significant effect for suicide ideation (P = 0.25, d = -0.29). However, within the hiking phase, there was a significant decrease in suicide ideation (P = 0.005, d = -0.79). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a group experience of regular monitored mountain hiking, organized as an add-on therapy to usual care, is associated with an improvement of hopelessness, depression, and suicide ideation in patients suffering from high-level suicide risk.
Subject(s)
Depression/therapy , Exercise/psychology , Suicide Prevention , Adult , Cross-Over Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Physical Endurance/physiology , Pilot Projects , Suicide/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/prevention & control , Suicide, Attempted/psychologyABSTRACT
We here report on a psychotic mother and her breast-fed infant who was treated with olanzapine. Consecutively olanzapine concentrations in the milk and plasma of the mother and in the infant were measured with tandem mass spectroscopy over a period of five month. The results show a relatively high plasma level in the infant aged four month, probably referring to an immature hepatic transformation system, especially CYP1A2. In the following four months plasma levels of olanzapine decreased to very low, even undetectable concentrations in the infant. The infant developed normally and showed no side effects during the treatment period.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Benzodiazepines/pharmacokinetics , Breast Feeding , Adult , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Benzodiazepines/adverse effects , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/metabolism , Depression, Postpartum/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Milk, Human/chemistry , Olanzapine , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Little is known about the use of antipsychotics in pregnancy and the corresponding plasma levels in the newborn child. We report on a woman with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine during pregnancy. Plasma levels of olanzapine were assessed both from the mother and from umbilical cord. The plasma level of the newborn (11 ng/mL) was about one third compared to the mother (range 25-34 ng/mL).The development of the fetus, delivery and the development of the child during the first six months were normal.