[Comparison of fine needle aspiration cytology and histology in hepatocellular carcinoma and in liver metastasis]. / Vergleich von Feinnadelaspirationszytologie und Histologie beim hepatozellulären Karzinom und bei Lebermetastasen.

The cytological findings in fine needle aspiration biopsies of 5 hepatocellular carcinomas and 9 secondary liver tumours were compared with the histological findings in autopsy or surgical material. Definite diagnosis of malignancy was made in all cases. Similarity with liver cells, arrangement of the tumor cells corresponding to the different histological types of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the presence of bile pigment characterize the cytological picture of the hepatocellular carcinoma. Pleomorphic tumour cells and prominent nucleoli are other typical cytological findings. Liver metastasis were correctly typed in nearly all cases by the cytological examinations. The attempt to suggest the primary site is more difficult, but possible in some cases.

[Pancreatic cancer--clinicopathology and etiology]. / Pankreaskarzinom--Klinikopathologie und Atiologie.

An analysis of 287 (1.42%) exocrine pancreatic carcinomas of an 18 years post-mortem examination includes pathomorphological and histological findings of the tumors, causes of death, important concomitant diseases, and relevant clinical details. The tumor prefers the old age. We found a medium age of 68.2 years and a nearly balanced sex ratio, but some age dependent differences in this ratio. Localization, histological type, staging and dependent findings of the tumours do not differ essentially from wellknown statements. Among the causes of death there was in the first position the tumour itself (48.5%), followed by general tumour associated (39%) and local complications (11.5%). We found no foregoing diseases respectively endogenous risk factors of pancreatic cancer. This statement concerns particularly the chronic pancreatitis, diseases of the biliary tract or the gastroenteron, and diabetes mellitus. The role of a particular blood group was to exclude. Special findings are discussed. The results rather support the significance of exogenous risk factors, especially of nicotine and ethanol, which, in conjunction with other in relation to the exocrine pancreas weak carcinogenic agents and hyperplasiogenic factors may contribute to the increasing incidence of the exocrine pancreatic cancer.