[Bioelectrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract in acute intestinal obstruction]. / Bioélektricheskaia aktivnost' zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta pri ostroi kishechnoi neprokhodimosti.

During the period of 2001-2002 in the surgical department of the Republican clinical hospital there were 72 patients with acute small bowel obstruction. In addition to generally accepted methods of diagnosing the acute intestinal obstruction including general rentgenography of organs of the abdominal cavity, radiopaque methods, ultrasound scanning of organs of the abdominal cavity, a measuring-diagnostic system (polygastroenterograph "PGEG-2001") was used which registered and processed fluctuation of biopotentials of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and measured instantaneous values of the intracavital gastric pressure. So, a short period of time was needed to reliably determine the kind and level of obstruction.

[Contractile activity and sensitivity of smooth muscle cells of the small intestine to agonists in acute ileus]. / Sokratitel'naia aktivnost' i chuvstvitel'nost' k agonistam gladkomyshechnykh kletok tonkoi kishki pri ostroi neprokhodimosti kishechnika.

The impact of acute ileus on the contractility and sensitivity of small intestinal smooth muscle cells to acetylcholine and histamine, as well as possible recovery of smooth muscle cells after removal of 3-hour acute ileus were studied. The contractility of small intestinal smooth muscle cells and their sensitivity to the agonists decreased in proportion to the duration of acute ileus only in the strangulated portion of the bowel. Removal of 3-hour acute ileus resulted in a stepwise recovery of the contractility and sensitivity of small intestinal smooth muscle cells to the agonists in the adducting, strangulated, and abducting portions. It is suggested that in acute ileus, the structure of smooth muscle receptors undergo modification due to tissue homeostatic changes or to the direct action of cell destruction products on receptors.

[Early postoperative adhesion ileus]. / Ranniaia spaechnaia posleoperatsionnaia neprokhodimost' kishechnika.

Under analysis were results of surgical treatment of 4908 patients with diseases of organs of the abdominal cavity obtained during the period from 1985 till 1990. In 57 patients relaparotomy was caused by early postoperative commissural ileus. Late diagnosis of the main disease, technical and tactical errors during operations and at the early postoperative period were responsible for the appearance of the commissural ileus. Of special significance in getting better results of treatment of patients with this complication are: timely diagnosis (with contrast enterography), obligatory decompression and intubation of the gastrointestinal tract, valuable intensive therapy with the ultraviolet laser intravascular photomodification of blood.

[The use of laparostomy in treating diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. / Primenenie laparostomii v lechenii razlitogo gnoinogo peritonita.

The results of surgical intervention with the use of laparostomy in 29 patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis at the terminal stage are presented. In 11 cases, laparostomy was performed during the first operation, in 18--for postoperative peritonitis. At the time of operations, laser radiation, gastrointestinal intubation were widely used.

[An analysis of the reasons for relaparotomy in the surgical clinic]. / Analiz prichin relaparotomii v khrirugicheskoi klinike.

The results of surgical treatment of 4,078 patients who underwent operation in 1985-1989 were studied. Due to the occurrence of complications in the early postoperative period, 182 relaparotomies were carried out in 164 patients. The main indications for relaparotomies were advanced underlying disease, surgical errors (tactical, technical), changes of the patients' immune status. Early diagnosis, timely operation with the use of technically correct manipulations, and the application of a full complex of intensive therapy measures in the postoperative period are important in the prevention of complications.

[Prevention and complex treatment of duodenal stump incompetence]. / Profilaktika i kompleksnoe lechenie nesostoiatel'nosti duodenal'noi kul'ti.

The results of surgical treatment of 1,069 patients for gastric and duodenal ulcer were studied. Duodenal stump incompetence (DSI) developed in 25 patients (6.3%) after the Billroth II operation; the incompetence was manifested by three clinical forms: infiltrative, primary-fistular, and perforative-peritoneal. Each form of DSI calls for specific tactics of treatment. The perforative-peritoneal form is most dangerous; during its operative management active aspiration-perfusion drainage of the zone of the stump must be installed and the duodenum relieved of a load as much as possible. Drugs reducing pancreatic function, postural drainage, and a diet is included in the complex of therapeutic measures in DSI. The wide introduction of organ-preserving operations into surgical practice will make it possible to avoid this threatening complication.