ABSTRACT
A highly potent strain of Lentinus edodes producing lentinomycin B, an erythadenin metabolite showing hypolipidemic activity, and biologically active water soluble endopolysaccharides was isolated. The optimum composition of the medium for the strain submerged cultivation was developed. The medium provided shorter period of the strain cultivation and a 2-fold increase of the biomass yield and production of the endopolysaccharides up to 21 g/l and 4.8 g/l of the culture fluid respectively. The total fraction of the water soluble polysaccharides isolated from the mycelium contained glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose and xylose as the neutral monosaccharides. Glucose was the main monosaccharide. The procedure of the strain submerged cultivation provided production of several final substances during a single technological cycle.
Subject(s)
Hypolipidemic Agents/metabolism , Mycelium/growth & development , Polysaccharides/biosynthesis , Shiitake Mushrooms/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Submerged cultivation of Hericium erinaceus in various media was studied. The yield of the biomass was shown to depend mainly on the carbon source, whereas the content of water soluble polysaccharides depended mainly on the nitrogen source. The optimal medium composition provided the biomass yield of 21-23 g/l in 7 days. The biomass was characterized by the content of total protein, lipids and carbohydrates. In addition, the amino acid composition of the biomass was determined and shown to meet all the requirements of FAO/WHO concerning the amounts of essential amino acids (with exception of tryptophane). Oleinic and linoleic acids were identified as the main components of the fatty acids. Two water soluble polysaccharide fractions differing in solubility in aqueous ethanol were isolated and shown to contain rhamnose, fucose, xylose, glucose and galactose in different proportions. Vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP and E, ergosterol and coenzyme Q were also detected in the biomass of H. erinaceus.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/chemistry , Basidiomycota/growth & development , Biomass , Carbohydrates/analysis , Culture Media , Ergosterol/metabolism , Fatty Acids/analysis , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Lipids/analysis , Microbiological Techniques , Mycelium/chemistry , Mycelium/growth & development , Nitrogen/metabolism , Polysaccharides/analysis , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/metabolism , Vitamins/analysis , Vitamins/metabolismABSTRACT
The basidiomycetes Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinus edodes and Trametes versicolor were used for preparation of aqueous extracts. A polysaccharide preparation (VPG) was isolated from the G. lucidum aqueous extracts. The mycelium was grown under submerged conditions according to an original procedure. Preliminary exposure of mice with tumors to cyclosphosphamide in a low dose for prolonged elimination of T-suppressors and rapid recovery of T-killers induced an increase in the efficacy of the H. erinaceus and L. edodes extracts. Investigation of the aqueous extracts and VPG on different tumor strain lines for the potential Modifiers of Biological Response (Ca755, s/c P388, s-180) demonstrated antitumor activity and satisfactory tolerabily after oral administration. Inhibition of the tumor growth by the H. erinaceus and T. versicolor extracts and VPG amounted to 88-99% and that of s-180 treated with the L. edodes aqueous extract amounted to 66-75%. Compositions 1, 2, 4 amd 5 were significantly more active by the duration and value of the effect on the animal tumor nodes as compared to the aqueous extracts and VPG included to the compositions and composition 4. Composition 5 (T. versicolor + H. erinaceus + G. Lucidum) proved to be the most efficient by all the criteria. The results of the design of the technologies for cultivation of the mycelum of the medicinal basidiomycetes, investigation of the antumor properties of the extracts and polysaccharide fraction of the mycelium and development of efficient compositions on their basis are summarized. Composition 5 proved to be the most promising for the clinical trials.
Subject(s)
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Basidiomycota/chemistry , Biological Products/pharmacology , Mycelium/chemistry , Animals , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry , Biological Products/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Reishi/chemistry , Water , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
The dependence of the amount of the grown vegetative mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum on the composition of the nutrient medium has been studied under conditions of submerged cultivation. The medium was optimized using full factorial and steepest ascent experimental designs. The addition of two carbon sources to the medium considerably improved the submerged growth of the fungus. An optimized medium provided for a high yield (20-20.95 g/l) of the morphologically homogeneous mycelium and shortened the cultivation period to 3-4 days.
Subject(s)
Culture Media/chemistry , Mycelium/growth & development , Reishi/growth & development , Mycelium/cytology , Reishi/cytologyABSTRACT
Antibiotic properties of the extracts from the fermentation broth and mycelium of 15 strains of the edible and medicinal basidiomycete L. edodes were studied and it was shown that the extracts were active against grampositive and gramnegative bacteria, yeasts and mycelial fungi, including dermatophytes and phytopathogens. The strains differed by the set of the organisms susceptible to the action of the extracts. Strains of L. edodes combining marked antibiotic properties and high yields of water soluble polysaccharides were screened. The active compounds were detected by preparative TLC. Two of them were identified with UV- and mass spectrometry as lentinamycin B and erytadenine (lentinacin). Lentinamycin B was found to be the main component responsible for the antibiotic activity of the L. edodes strains.
