Subject(s)
Ataxia/physiopathology , Hallucinations/physiopathology , Niemann-Pick Diseases/diagnosis , Siblings , Adolescent , Ataxia/etiology , Ataxia/psychology , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Hallucinations/etiology , Hallucinations/psychology , Humans , Male , Niemann-Pick Diseases/complications , Niemann-Pick Diseases/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in plasma and urine in the horse (n = 7) after intravenous administration of a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. Plasma tobramycin concentrations were assayed microbiologically and by means of HPLC analyses. Pharmacokinetic parameters, calculated on the basis of concentrations determined with the microbiological assay were not statistically different from those obtained when data from HPLC analysis were used, but the microbiological assay was more sensitive in the detection of low plasma and urine values. The values of the total body clearance (Cl(B)) were 101.4 +/- 30.1 and 130.0 +/- 49.9 mL/kg/h, respectively. The overall extraction ratio was 2.9%. The determined capacity of elimination of tobramycin in horses was similar to those for other aminoglycosides. Within 24 h after treatment, 57.6 +/- 12.2% of injected antibiotic was excreted in the urine.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Horses/metabolism , Tobramycin/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/blood , Anti-Bacterial Agents/urine , Area Under Curve , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Female , Injections, Intravenous/veterinary , Male , Tobramycin/administration & dosage , Tobramycin/blood , Tobramycin/urineABSTRACT
Lithium is the most effective mood-stabilizing drug in the therapy of bipolar affective disorder (BP). It is thought to exert its effect via the phosphatidylinositol signalling system. Myo-inositol monophosphatase 2 (IMPA2) codes for an enzyme in this system that is inhibited by lithium. It is located on 18p11.2, a region implicated as a BP susceptibility locus. We examined eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified within this gene for association with BP, using 237 parents-offspring trios and in 174 cases and 170 controls. No SNP showed association with BP. When good responders to lithium treatment were compared with the poor responders, some statistically significant differences emerged for two SNPs; however, the sample became too small to draw definitive conclusions. We cannot find support for the involvement of variation in IMPA2 in susceptibility to bipolar disorder, but the role of this and other genes from the phosphoinositol signalling pathway in predicting response to lithium treatment merits further investigation.
