ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may have numerous risk factors for acquiring coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and developing severe outcomes, but current data are conflicting. METHODS: Health-care providers enrolled consecutively, by nonrandom sampling, people living with HIV (PWH) with lab-confirmed COVID-19, diagnosed at their facilities between 1 April and 1 July 2020. Deidentified data were entered into an electronic Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) system. The primary endpoint was a severe outcome, defined as a composite endpoint of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, or death. The secondary outcome was the need for hospitalization. RESULTS: There were 286 patients included; the mean age was 51.4 years (standard deviation, 14.4), 25.9% were female, and 75.4% were African American or Hispanic. Most patients (94.3%) were on antiretroviral therapy, 88.7% had HIV virologic suppression, and 80.8% had comorbidities. Within 30 days of testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 164 (57.3%) patients were hospitalized, and 47 (16.5%) required ICU admission. Mortality rates were 9.4% (27/286) overall, 16.5% (27/164) among those hospitalized, and 51.5% (24/47) among those admitted to an ICU. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 17.5% (50/286) of all patients and 30.5% (50/164) of hospitalized patients. Older age, chronic lung disease, and hypertension were associated with severe outcomes. A lower CD4 count (<200 cells/mm3) was associated with the primary and secondary endpoints. There were no associations between the ART regimen or lack of viral suppression and the predefined outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Severe clinical outcomes occurred commonly in PWH with COVID-19. The risks for poor outcomes were higher in those with comorbidities and lower CD4 cell counts, despite HIV viral suppression. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT04333953.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , HIV Infections , Aged , Female , HIV , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Humans , Middle Aged , Registries , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
We assessed whether implementation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry without antimicrobial stewardship support would impact antimicrobial utilization and clinical outcomes in inpatient pneumonia. Implementation significantly reduced time to organism identification and time to optimal therapy but did not have a detectable impact on clinical outcomes.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Adult , Antimicrobial Stewardship , Humans , Inpatients , Length of Stay , Time-to-TreatmentABSTRACT
Exogenous anabolic androgen steroid use is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. A 53-year-old bodybuilder presented with 3 months of exertional dyspnoea. Physical examination showed tachycardia and pan-systolic murmur; an echocardiogram showed a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of 15%. Evaluations included normal coronary angiogram, iron panel and thyroid studies, a negative viral panel (human immunodeficiency virus, Lyme disease, and hepatitis), and urine toxicology. He admitted to intramuscular anabolic steroid use; his testosterone level was 30 160.0 ng/dL (normal 280-1100 ng/dL). In addition to discontinuation of anabolic steroid use, he was treated with guideline-directed heart failure medical therapy. Repeat echocardiogram at 6 months showed an EF of 54% and normalized testosterone level of 603.7 ng/dL. Anabolic steroid use is a rare, reversible cause of cardiomyopathy in young, otherwise healthy athletes; a high index of suspicion is required to prevent potentially fatal side effects.
Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathies/chemically induced , Dyspnea/etiology , Heart Failure/diagnostic imaging , Testosterone Congeners/adverse effects , Dyspnea/diagnosis , Echocardiography , Heart Failure/blood , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Male , Middle Aged , Stroke Volume/drug effects , Stroke Volume/physiology , Testosterone/blood , Testosterone Congeners/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects , Ventricular Function, Left/physiologyABSTRACT
This evidence-based project was undertaken to implement research-based interventions in the care of the trauma patients in a Magnet-designated rural, community hospital. This article describes the importance of interfacility and interdisciplinary collaboration in the development of a level III trauma medical center in Wisconsin. Creative adaptations to optimize care for trauma patients were used during this journey.
Subject(s)
Hospitals, Community/organization & administration , Rural Health Services/organization & administration , Staff Development/organization & administration , Trauma Centers/organization & administration , Hospitals, Community/standards , Humans , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Patient Care Team/standards , Program Development , Quality of Health Care , Rural Health Services/standards , Staff Development/standards , Trauma Centers/standards , WisconsinABSTRACT
This evidence-based project was undertaken to implement research-based preventive protocols to decrease the negative outcomes associated with delirium/acute confusion. After implementation, the medical-surgical unit experienced a 62% reduction in falls and a 100% decrease in sitter usage the first year. The use of medications known to cause acute confusion was decreased by more than 50%. Since implementation, the fall rate as well as the use of restraints has decreased by 25%.
