ABSTRACT
The study of 36 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) (n = 26 of the stomach and n = 10 of the duodenum, small bowel, and rectum) indicated that among the clinical symptoms, there were prevalent abdominal pains and gastrointestinal bleeding. Local invasion and metastases were detected in 11 patients. According to the risk of aggressiveness, 1 tumor presented a very low risk; 5, a low risk; 14, a moderate risk; and 16 a high risk. All GISTs with mucosal infiltration were in high and moderate risk groups. The expression of p27 did not depend on that of other markers, the sizes of a tumor, its histological type, and affinity to this or that risk group. There was a statistically significant difference in the expression of Ki-67 in the groups of low (1.7%) and high (10.3%) risks.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/pathology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Ki-67 Antigen/biosynthesis , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/biosynthesis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
GIST are stromal tumors and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and some other organs of spindle-cell or epithelioid-cell structure expressing CD117 (C-kit, KIT), as well as those at different rates and in different combinations, CD34, smooth muscle and/or neurogenic differentiation antigens. It should be taken into account that CD117 are also expressed by melanomas, vascular, and some other tumors. The c-kit gene mutations leading to the expression and autoactivation of the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT underlie the oncogenesis of GIST, which results in enhanced proliferative activity and inhibited apoptosis. This is supported by successful chemotherapy for GIST with a KIT receptor inhibitor. The histogenesis of GIST is associated with GIT somatic stem, the Cajal cell precursors. Many GISTs behave like sarcomas and they are characterized by an infiltrating growth, hematogenic (mainly into the liver) and implantational (along the peritoneum) cancer spread. There are opinions that all such neoplasms are potentially malignany and small-sized GISTs are benign and have the minimum mitotic activity.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/biosynthesis , Antigens, CD34/biosynthesis , Antigens, CD34/genetics , Apoptosis/genetics , Enzyme Activation/genetics , Epithelioid Cells/metabolism , Epithelioid Cells/pathology , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Liver Neoplasms/genetics , Liver Neoplasms/metabolism , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Melanoma/genetics , Melanoma/metabolism , Melanoma/pathology , Mitosis/genetics , Mutation , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Peritoneal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Peritoneal Neoplasms/genetics , Peritoneal Neoplasms/pathology , Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics , Sarcoma/drug therapy , Sarcoma/genetics , Sarcoma/metabolism , Sarcoma/pathologyABSTRACT
The authors investigated p27 expression in 21 cases of high-grade gastric adenocarcinoma with portions of signet ring cell differentiation, by comparing that in 11 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori and in 5 cases of the intact gastric mucosa. The mean age of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma was 67.7 years (35-86 years); there were 9 males and 12 females. All tumors were of T3 N1-2 M0 stage. Helicobacter pylori was found in 3 of the 21 patients. The investigations indicated a great difference (by 2.4-7.6 times) and a statistically significant decrease in p27 expression in the adenocarcinoma cells as compared to the comparison groups. However, there was no significant correlation between the lower level of p27 expression and the prognosis in patients with adenocarcinoma.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/biosynthesis , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma/microbiology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chronic Disease , Female , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/microbiology , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Gastritis, Atrophic/metabolism , Gastritis, Atrophic/microbiology , Gastritis, Atrophic/pathology , Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Helicobacter pylori/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology , Stomach Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
One autopsy case of angiosarcoma of the testis tunica in a male of 60 is described. Histologically, the tumour corresponded to malignant haemangioendothelioma while electron microscopically areas having the structure of malignant haemangiopericytoma were also found.
Subject(s)
Hemangiosarcoma/pathology , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Hemangiosarcoma/ultrastructure , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Testicular Neoplasms/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Photosphygmography with the use of phototransistor sensors and optical calibration of signals is an effective method for the investigation of the impulse arterial blood flow in different vessels of lower extremities. In obliterating diseases of arteries the impulse blood flow coefficients were reduced, the arterial blood flow being sometimes transformed into the uninterrupted flow. This method is recommended by the authors for diagnosis of vascular disorders and control of curative measures.