[Maturation of integrative sleep apparatus in children in normal and pathological condition]. / Sozrevanie integrativnykh apparatov sna u detei v norme i pri patologii.

AIM: To study and compare clinical characteristics of sleep macrostructure and sleep cycle organization during the night polysomnographic study in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) aged from 6 to 9 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Polysomnography was performed in 40 children with ADHD and 20 children with OSAS. The control group included 20 healthy children. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The changes in sleep architectonics were unidirectional. Typical for the two groups of children was an increase in the latency of REM sleep and a reduction of its duration in total time of sleep. In children with ADHD, there was a significant decrease in the total number of sleep cycles, with a significant increase in the duration of the first sleep cycle. For an objective assessment of the rhythmic organization of ultradian rhythms, the authors propose a formula to calculate the maturity index of sleep in children older than 6 years. From the standpoint of evolutionary neuroscience, results should be considered as manifestations of dysontogenesis.

[Total antioxidant status of blood in various types of ischemic stroke]. / Antioksidantnyi status krovi u bol'nykh s patogeneticheskimi podtipami ishemicheskogo insul'ta.

AIM: To study the antioxidant status (AOS) of blood serum of patients in the acute period in patients with a variety of pathogenic forms of ischemic stroke (IS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 99 patients (study group) with different types of ischemic stroke (IS): with atherothrombotic variant (n=74) IS, with cardioembolic (n=15) with lacunar type (n=10). The control group consisted of 15 persons. Total antioxidant status (TAS) in the blood serum was examined by the test system 'General antioxidatic status - Novo' ('Vector-Best', Russia) for 1-2 days from the onset of the disease. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients in the control group AOS was 1.69±0.17 mmol/L (median 1.72, interquartile range 1.53-1.83 mmol/L). With the development of IS AOS was 1.15±0,41 mmol/L (median 1.12; interquartile range 0.84-1.45 mmol/L) (p=0.000001). In groups with different pathogenetic mechanism of the IS value of the AOS was lower than in the control group and accounted for atherothrombotic variant (1.24; 0.98-1.67 mmol/L) (p=0.000001), for cardioembolic (p=0.000031), and for lacunar (1.24; 0.98-1.67 mmol/L) (p=0.035044). The value of the AOS was not significantly differ between men and women and was independent on the age and location of the ischemic lesion. Reduced AOS serum indicates an imbalance between prooksidatnoy and antioksidatnoy system in the formation of any pathogenic forms of IS. The decrease of AOS in blood serum indicates the balance between prooxidative and antioxidative system in the formation of any pathogenic forms of AI.

[The spa and health resort- based treatment of back pain syndrome in the adolescents presenting with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis]. / Sanatorno-kurortnoe lechenie bolevogo sindroma v spine u podrostkov s yunosheskim idiopaticheskim skoliozom.

The relevance of the problem arises from the lack of substantiation for the inclusion of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tSDCS) in the comprehensive spa and health resort-based treatment of back pain syndrome in the adolescents presenting with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. AIM: The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation for the comprehensive spa and health resort-based treatment of back pain syndrome in the adolescents presenting with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 18 patients with scoliosis forming the study group 1 received the traditional comprehensive spa and health resort-based treatment. The course of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation was prescribed to 38 other patients (comprising group 2) in addition to the standard procedures. Another control group was comprised of 15 practically healthy adolescents having no signs of spinal deformations. The visual analog scale for pain, the McGill questionnaire, the scale for the assessment of the situational and personal uneasiness levels (Spilberger Ch.D., Khanin Yu.L.), and the Beck and Tsung depression scales were used, beside the routine clinical methods. Statistical data processing was carried out with the use of the Statistica 6.0 software package. RESULTS: In the group of patients treated with the use of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation, regression of pain syndrome was well apparent. In the boys with the severity of pain estimated at 2 points based on the visual analog scale who received the standard course of the spa and health resort-based treatment, the pain rank index and the index of the number of the selected descriptors decreased significantly but nonetheless remained higher than in the patients treated by means of tSDCS as a component of the combined therapy (p=0.039). Simultaneously, the significantly lower level of situational (Q1=25.00; Me=36.50; Q3=45.00; p=0.036) and personal (Q1=26.00; Me=36.50; Q3=44.00; p=0.07) anxiety was observed in the group of girls in comparison with the group of those given only the standard course of the spa and health resort-based treatment. In addition, the level of trait anxiety in the female patients treated with the use of tSDCS was lower than in the girls of the control group (Q1=46.00; Me=49.00; Q3=51.5; p=0.001). In the boys undergoing the course the of tSDCS treatment, the levels of trait anxiety (Q1=29.00 ; Me=37.00 ; Q3=42.00; p=0.021) and depression estimated from the Tsung scale (Q1=2.85; Me=3.00; Q3=3.60; p=0.014) and the cognitive-affective scale of Beck (Q1=0.50; Me=2.00; Q3=5.50; p=0.041) were significantly lower than in the boys of the control group. The level of depression based on the Tsung scale was significantly lower (p=0.020) in the boys and after the standard spa and health resort-based treatment (Q1=2.50; Me=2.90; Q3=3.60) was comparable with that in the boys of the control group (Q1=4.00; Me=4.60; Q3=4.80). CONCLUSION: The present study has demonstrated the expediency of inclusion of a course of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation in the programs of the combined spa and health resort-based treatment for the adolescents presenting with scoliosis.

[The stabilometric and clinical characteristics in patients with the consequences of stroke during the complex rehabilitation]. / Kharakteristika stabilometricheskikh i klinicheskikh pokazatelei u patsientov s posledstviyami insul'ta v protsesse kompleksnoi reabilitatsii.

AIM: To perform the complex stabilometric and clinical assessment of movement disorders in post-stroke patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients in the late recovery period of stroke underwent the complex rehabilitation in the hospital. RESULTS: Based on the dynamics of statokinesiogram area and shift of the center of pressure, four variants of stabilometric changes with different baseline parameters of patient's motor activity were determined. CONCLUSION: The stabilometric results reflect the stages of the formation of the persistent pathological static/locomotor stereotype and compensatory mechanisms for the low extremity dysfunction.

Invited Article: A novel calibration method for the JET real-time far infrared polarimeter and integration of polarimetry-based line-integrated density measurements for machine protection of a fusion plant.

In this paper, we present the work in the implementation of a new calibration for the JET real-time polarimeter based on the complex amplitude ratio technique and a new self-validation mechanism of data. This allowed easy integration of the polarimetry measurements into the JET plasma density control (gas feedback control) and as well as machine protection systems (neutral beam injection heating safety interlocks). The new addition was used successfully during 2014 JET Campaign and is envisaged that will operate routinely from 2015 campaign onwards in any plasma condition (including ITER relevant scenarios). This mode of operation elevated the importance of the polarimetry as a diagnostic tool in the view of future fusion experiments.

[A role of stress-induced neuroendocrine disorders and tissue hypoxia in the thanatogenesis of traumatic intracranial hematomas].

AIM: To study the dynamics of plasma concentration of stress hormones (ACTH and cortisol) and lactate as well as the integrative stress level indicator at neuroreanimation stage of severe cranial-brain injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors examined 34 patients with traumatic intracranial hematomas including 19 patients who died during the first two weeks after admission to the hospital and 15 patients who were discharged for outpatient treatment. To assess stress level, we used the indicator of stress level estimated as body mass x 1/3 x heart rate frequency x pulse pressure x 0,000126. Contents of blood plasma ACTH and cortisol were determined using radioimmune method, lactic acid was measured with enzyme colorimetric method. A control group included the indicators of 10 healthy people aged from 24 to 44 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the first 24 h, the overstrain of the neuroendocrine system in response to strong stress influence of the trauma was noted in all patients. In patients with fatal outcome, an increase in cortisol in the first 24 h was excessive and lactate level was significantly higher during the observational period compared to the patients with favorable outcome. The peak of mortality was at 1-5 days when the stress level indicators, contents of ACTH, cortisol and lactate reached maximal values indicating the stress-induces overstrain of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis and promoting the development of brain tissue hypoxia.

Stokes-vector evolution in a weakly anisotropic inhomogeneous medium.

The equation for evolution of the four-component Stokes vector in weakly anisotropic and smoothly inhomogeneous media is derived on the basis of a quasi-isotropic approximation of the geometrical optics method, which provides the consequent asymptotic solution of Maxwell's equations. Our equation generalizes previous results obtained for the normal propagation of electromagnetic waves in stratified media. It is valid for curvilinear rays with torsion and is capable of describing normal mode conversion in inhomogeneous media. Remarkably, evolution of the four-component Stokes vector is described by the Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation for relativistic spin precession, whereas the equation for the three-component Stokes vector resembles the Landau-Lifshitz equation describing spin precession in ferromagnetic systems. The general theory is applied for analysis of polarization evolution in a magnetized plasma. We also emphasize fundamental features of the non-Abelian polarization evolution in anisotropic inhomogeneous media and illustrate them by simple examples.

Non-specific brain systems and the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy.

Prolonged observations of 157 children with spastic forms of childhood cerebral palsy (CCP) were used to construct a mathematical regression model for motor development in relation to the severity of the course and outcome of the condition. Mathematical relationships were established reflecting dysneuroontogenesis of the suprasegmental regulatory systems. Data obtained from complex electroencephalogram and electroneuromyogram studies, along with assessments of autonomic nervous system function, demonstrated a role for intra-and intersystem disintegration of the limboreticular complex in decreases adaptive capacity and rehabilitation potential of patients with CCP. This was used to identify the principles of a pathogenetically based adaptive-regulatory approach to the rehabilitation of this category of patients, based on the need to correct the functional state of non-specific brain systems to create the neurodynamic suprasegmental and segmental adaptive-energetic and adaptive-immunoregulatory prerequisites for forming and supporting specific psychomotor functions.

Fluctuation growth and saturation in nonlinear oscillators on the threshold of bifurcation of spontaneous symmetry breaking.

We study prebifurcation fluctuation amplification in nonlinear oscillators subject to bifurcations of spontaneous symmetry breaking which are manifest in the doubling of stable equilibrium states. Our theoretical estimates of both the linear growth and the nonlinear saturation of the fluctuations are in good agreement with our results from numerical simulations. We show that in the saturation mode, the fluctuation variance is proportional to the standard deviation of the external noise, whereas in the linear mode, the fluctuation variance is proportional to the noise variance. It is demonstrated that the phenomenon of prebifurcation noise amplification is more pronounced in the case of a slow transition through the bifurcation point. The amplification of fluctuations in this case makes it easier to form a symmetric probability of the final equilibrium states. In contrast, for a fast transition through the bifurcation point, the effect of amplification is much less pronounced. Under backward and forward passages through the bifurcation point, a loop of noise-dependent hysteresis emerges here. We find that for a fast transition of the nonlinear oscillator through the bifurcation point, the probability symmetry of the final equilibrium states is destroyed.

Experimental morphological study of rapidly resolved implants used for the treatment of ventral hernias.

Experimental defect in the abdominal wall, created in 36 outbred albino rats, was closed with an implant (biocompatible connective-tissue element). The inflammatory aseptic reaction of tissues to the implant during the initial period of its healing was followed by replacement of the implant by solid connective tissue, strong and hermetic. This film can be recommended for fortification of aponeurosis sutures after resection of hernias.