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1.
Br J Dermatol ; 179(4): 959-962, 2018 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29034454

ABSTRACT

SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis) syndrome is a rare disease with inflammatory osteoarticular and skin involvement. The pathogenesis of SAPHO syndrome remains unclear, but evidence suggests it may be an autoinflammatory disease triggered upon exposure to infectious agents in genetically predisposed individuals. Induction of the interleukin (IL)-23/T helper 17 axis in addition to neutrophil activation seem to play a key role, and therapies targeting these immunological pathways, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, ustekinumab, secukinumab and the IL-1 inhibitor anakinra, are potential treatment options that need further investigation. Here we report a case of a 24-year-old woman with SAPHO syndrome who presented at our clinic with palmoplantar pustulosis and sternoclavicular joint involvement. Previous treatments with topical steroids and keratolytics combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intravenous methylprednisolone, methotrexate and sulfasalazine had all failed to improve symptoms. Therapy with etanercept was not tolerated, and because of a previous demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, further treatment with TNF inhibitors was avoided. We initiated ustekinumab 45 mg, which improved skin manifestations but not joint pain. Dose escalation to 90 mg initially improved joint pain, but the dose had to be reduced to 45 mg again because of increased infections. During subsequent 45-mg ustekinumab treatment, joint pain exacerbated so we switched to adalimumab which caused an exacerbation of the disease, so we switched to secukinumab, which improved skin and joint symptoms significantly but was associated with a pustular hypersensitivity reaction. Finally, we began treatment with apremilast, a pan-cytokine approach, resulting in stabilization of the skin and joint symptoms without side-effects. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of apremilast as a treatment for SAPHO syndrome.


Subject(s)
Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Thalidomide/analogs & derivatives , Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome/pathology , Adult , Drug Resistance , Female , Humans , Thalidomide/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
2.
Rev. chil. urol ; 82(4): 8-8, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-906140

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Suprarrenalectomía quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección en lesiones tumorales de la glándula suprarrenal mayores de 4 cm o aquellos que resulten funcionales. La técnica laparoscópica esta asociada a menor sangrado, morbilidad perioperatoria y estadía hospitalaria. El apoyo del abordaje single-port (LESS) se asocia además a menor dolor y mejores resultados estéticos, pero conlleva a una mayor complejidad técnica, sin embargo esta dificultad puede ser eliminada con el apoyo robótico, conservando los beneficios de la técnica single port.(AU)


Introduction: Surgical adrenalectomy is the treatment of choice in tumors of the adrenal gland larger than 4 cm or those that are functional. The laparoscopic technique is associated with less bleeding, perioperative morbidity and hospital stay. The support of the single-port approach (LESS) is also associated with less pain and better aesthetic results, but it leads to greater technical complexity, however this difficulty can be eliminated with robotic support, while retaining the benefits of the single port technique.


Subject(s)
Female , Laparoscopy , Adrenocortical Adenoma , Instructional Film and Video
3.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 24(10): 1816-1825, 2016 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27208419

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) degeneration leads to knee instability and favors osteoarthritis (OA) progression. During ageing the growth factor sensitivity of ligaments changes but nothing is known about BMP2-signalling and -sensitivity in degenerated ACLs. This study addressed the question whether a dysregulated BMP2 signalling might contribute to age- and OA-dependent ACL degeneration. METHOD: ACL samples from patients with/without OA of different ages (<60 and ≥60 years, males, females) were graded histopathologically (n = 45). After stimulation of cultured ACL fibroblasts with 5 nM BMP2 for different time points, phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 and gene expression of crucial BMP2 signalling proteins, ligamentogenic and chondrogenic transcription factors, scleraxis (SCX) and SOX9, were analyzed. RESULTS: ACL samples displayed different grades of degeneration, often associated with synovitis and calcium deposits. Degeneration correlated significantly with synovitis. ACL fibroblasts expressed BMP type I receptors ALK3 and ALK6 and the BMP type II receptor BMPRII. Donors could be divided into "responders" and "non responders" since their BMP2 mediated SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation level differed. Basal ID1 expression was lower in cells derived from OA compared with non-OA patients and BMP2 led to an ID1 induction in both. Irrespective of BMP2 stimulation, the donor age significantly influenced the expression profile of BMP6 and SCX but not BMP signalling. The BMP2-mediated SMAD6 expression differed between OA and healthy ACL fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the expression level of BMP2/SMAD target genes such as ID1 and SMAD6 was reduced in ACL fibroblasts derived from OA compared with non OA patients.


Subject(s)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 , Chondrogenesis , Female , Fibroblasts , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteoarthritis
4.
Orthopade ; 43(7): 665-73, 2014 Jul.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25028281

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Developmental disorders and severe damage to major parts of the brain cause loss of motor, sensor, cognitive and mental function. These disorders cannot be medically treated in a sufficiently curative manner and are likely to develop into severe disability in children and adults. THERAPY: Medical nursing care and treatment aims to achieve the best possible quality of life by a lack of pain, ability to communicate, autonomy, and activities of daily life. As part of the team neuro-orthopedic surgeons have to analyze the orthostatic effects of motor functional disorders in order to set up a treatment plan that includes preventive and palliative treatment options by movement therapy, orthotic, medicinal, and surgical interventions. CONCLUSION: Pain and severe progressive deformities, such as contracture of extremity joints, hip dislocation, and spinal deformity must be prevented as far as possible. Activities of daily life should be enhanced by balancing and promoting muscle power and stabilizing weak and unstable parts of the body when possible.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology , Cerebral Palsy/surgery , Disability Evaluation , Walking/physiology , Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology , Child , Combined Modality Therapy , Cooperative Behavior , Humans , Interdisciplinary Communication , Muscle Strength/physiology , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Orthopedic Procedures , Postural Balance/physiology , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology
5.
Actas urol. esp ; 35(9): 529-533, oct. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-94345

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar factores predictivos de éxito después de una sesión única de litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque (LEOC) a las tres semanas de seguimiento. Material y métodos: Se revisaron los registros clínicos de 116 pacientes con cálculos urinarios únicos sometidos a LEOC entre octubre 2007 y agosto 2009. Las tomografías axiales computarizadas preoperatorias de todos los pacientes fueron revisadas por dos radiólogos en desconocimiento del desenlace clínico. El éxito fue definido como la desaparición completa del cálculo o la persistencia de fragmentos ≤ 2mm en la radiografía simple realizada durante las tres primeras semanas de seguimiento. El impacto de factores clínicos y radiológicos fue evaluado utilizando regresión logística. Resultados: La tasa de éxito de LEOC a las tres semanas de seguimiento fue del 49,1%. Tamaño < 8mm, área del cálculo < 30mm2, localización en el uréter distal, densidad < 1.000 UH y fragmentación intraoperatoria demostraron una significativa asociación con éxito en el análisis univariado (p<0,05). Área del cálculo<30mm2 (OR: 2,9), localización en uréter distal (OR: 3,4) y fragmentación intraoperatoria (OR: 4,2) fueron factores predictivos de éxito en el análisis multivariado (p<0,05). Conclusiones: El área del cálculo y la localización en el uréter distal son útiles en el momento de decidir acerca de la realización de una LEOC. Sin embargo, la resolución exitosa de solamente la mitad de los casos bajo los criterios evaluados recalca la relevancia de informar al paciente de la eventual necesidad de tratamientos adicionales después de una sesión única de LEOC (AU)


Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors of success following a single-session of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) at 3 weeks of follow-up in our center. Material and methods: The medical records of 116 patients with solitary urinary calculi who underwent single-session SWL in our department between October 2007 and August 2009 were reviewed. All preoperative unenhanced computed axial tomographies were reviewed by two radiologists blinded to clinical outcome. Success was defined as complete clearance or the persistence of fragments ≤ 2mm on a plain film at 3 weeks of follow-up. The impact of clinical and radiological factors on success was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The single-session SWL success rate at 3 weeks was 49.1%. Stone size <8mm, stone area < 30mm2, stone location (mid- and distal ureter), stone density <1000 HU and intraoperative fragmentation showed a significant association with SWL success in the univariate analysis (p<0.05). Stone area (OR 2.9), ureteral stone location (OR 3.4) and intraoperative fragmentation (OR 4.2) were the only predictors of success in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Stone area and ureteral stone location provide important information when deciding about the indication of a SWL in a patient with stone disease. However, successful resolution of only half of the cases after a single session at 3 weeks in our series undermines the relevance of informing patients about the potential need for additional treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Urolithiasis/diagnosis , Urolithiasis/therapy , Urinary Calculi/complications , Urinary Calculi/diagnosis , Urinary Calculi/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Midazolam/therapeutic use , Fentanyl/therapeutic use , Urolithiasis , Urinary Calculi , Multivariate Analysis , /methods , Retrospective Studies , Fluoroscopy/methods , Fluoroscopy , Odds Ratio
6.
Actas Urol Esp ; 35(9): 529-33, 2011 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21684634

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors of success following a single-session of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) at 3 weeks of follow-up in our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of 116 patients with solitary urinary calculi who underwent single-session SWL in our department between October 2007 and August 2009 were reviewed. All preoperative unenhanced computed axial tomographies were reviewed by two radiologists blinded to clinical outcome. Success was defined as complete clearance or the persistence of fragments ≤ 2 mm on a plain film at 3 weeks of follow-up. The impact of clinical and radiological factors on success was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The single-session SWL success rate at 3 weeks was 49.1%. Stone size <8 mm, stone area < 30 mm(2), stone location (mid- and distal ureter), stone density <1000 HU and intraoperative fragmentation showed a significant association with SWL success in the univariate analysis (p<0.05). Stone area (OR 2.9), ureteral stone location (OR 3.4) and intraoperative fragmentation (OR 4.2) were the only predictors of success in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Stone area and ureteral stone location provide important information when deciding about the indication of a SWL in a patient with stone disease. However, successful resolution of only half of the cases after a single session at 3 weeks in our series undermines the relevance of informing patients about the potential need for additional treatment.


Subject(s)
Kidney Calculi/therapy , Lithotripsy/methods , Ureteral Calculi/therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Remission Induction , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
7.
Z Rheumatol ; 70(2): 154-9, 2011 Feb.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21267727

ABSTRACT

Education and training in musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) comprises attendance at theoretical and practical courses and independent study. Web-based learning as a novel teaching method has previously been described. The present study summarizes normal and pathological findings in a web-based approach using widely accepted guidelines. In a prospective study over a period of 3 years normal and pathological images of the musculoskeletal system have been documented and catalogued. Overall 1240 ultrasound images and 183 ultrasound videos were collected. A total of 14.4% were normal and 85.6% were pathological MSUS findings; 61% concerned the upper extremity, while 39% were images and videos of the lower limbs. The most captured conditions included synovitis (33.3%), pathologies of the tendons e.g., tenosynovitis or tendinosis (19.6%) and normal findings (14.4%). The most represented diseases were rheumatoid arthritis (20%), calcium deposition disease (8.2%), gout (7.1%) and osteoarthritis (6.9%). The images and videos were edited and integrated in a web-based tool.


Subject(s)
Computer-Assisted Instruction/statistics & numerical data , Internet , Joint Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Joint Diseases/epidemiology , Radiology Information Systems , Ultrasonography/statistics & numerical data , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Prevalence
8.
Calcif Tissue Int ; 87(2): 130-6, 2010 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20571786

ABSTRACT

The treatment of osteoporotic patients with teriparatide is associated with a significant increase in bone formation and gain of bone mass. The purpose of this post hoc analysis was to determine if the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the spinal canal and the vertebral body is affected by teriparatide treatment. Narrowing of the spinal canal might represent a safety problem, while widening of the vertebral CSA might improve mechanical stability. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans of vertebra T12 were obtained at baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months of teriparatide treatment (20 microg/day) from 44 postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis participating in the prospective, randomized EUROFORS study. The CSA of the spinal canal did not decrease but increased marginally by 0.9% (2.6 mm(2)) over 24 months (P < 0.001), with a range from -0.5% (-2 mm(2)) to 3.1% (+8 mm(2)). Even when analyzing the spinal CSA on a slice-by-slice basis, no clinically relevant narrowing of the spinal canal was observed. For vertebral bodies, the CSA increased by 0.7% (5.7 mm(2)) over 24 months (P < 0.001), with a range from -0.4% (-3 mm(2)) to 1.6% (+14 mm(2)). Our data do not provide evidence for safety concerns regarding spinal canal narrowing. On the other hand, the increases observed for vertebral CSA apparently also only minimally contribute to the mechanical strengthening of the vertebral body under teriparatide treatment.


Subject(s)
Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Osteoporosis/pathology , Spinal Canal/drug effects , Spine/drug effects , Teriparatide/therapeutic use , Aged , Bone Diseases, Developmental , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Female , Growth Disorders , Humans , Middle Aged , Osteoporosis/complications , Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Postmenopause , Prospective Studies , Spinal Canal/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Canal/pathology , Spine/diagnostic imaging , Spine/pathology , Thoracic Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Thoracic Vertebrae/drug effects , Thoracic Vertebrae/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
9.
Calcif Tissue Int ; 86(2): 126-31, 2010 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20012270

ABSTRACT

We describe a tall-statured 14-year-old boy who illustrated the full phenotypic and radiographic features of Stickler syndrome type I. A bone biopsy showed evidence of reduced bone mass and bone turnover, such as reduced BV/TV (-43%), TbTh (-29%), and OS/BS (-48%), Ob.S/BS (-27%), and Oc/BS (-47%) compared to "age-matched" controls. Moreover, there was evidence that the mineralization process was severely disturbed. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging revealed that the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) of cancellous (Cn) as well as cortical (Ct) bone was shifted toward lower mineralization compared to a young control reference cohort. BMDD parameters of mean degree of mineralization, Cn Ca (-9.8%) and Ct Ca (-18.0%), were dramatically decreased. To the best of our knowledge this is the first clinical report describing bone biopsy findings in a boy with Stickler syndrome. Such a severe undermineralization of bone matrix might essentially contribute to the compromised mechanical competence of the skeleton found in this patient.


Subject(s)
Bone Density/genetics , Bone Diseases, Developmental/diagnostic imaging , Bone Diseases, Developmental/metabolism , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Calcification, Physiologic/genetics , Adolescent , Biopsy , Bone Diseases, Developmental/physiopathology , Bone Matrix/metabolism , Bone Matrix/pathology , Bone and Bones/physiopathology , Disease Progression , Genu Valgum/etiology , Humans , Kyphosis/etiology , Leg/diagnostic imaging , Leg/pathology , Male , Osteoarthritis/etiology , Pelvis/diagnostic imaging , Pelvis/pathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Radiography , Reference Values , Skeleton , Spine/diagnostic imaging , Spine/pathology , Syndrome
10.
Schmerz ; 23(6): 592-9, 2009 Dec.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19756767

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Treatment with intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an important part of the complex therapy of patients with cerebral spasticity aiming to improve the motoric functions and to reduce pain intensity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: ITB was started in the Orthopaedic Hospital in Speising in 1999. From 1999 to 2006 a total of 15 children aged 3 to 16 years old were selected for this special treatment. RESULTS: The average degree of spasticity according to Ashworth (scale 1-5) could be reduced by ITB from 4.38 to 3.0, the time spent sitting could be increased from 3.3 to 5.8h per day and the pain intensity (VAS 1-10) could be reduced from 4.2 to 0.6. The time necessary for nursing treatment was shortened from 7.5 to 3.4 (VAS 1-10). Also improved was the emotional situation, the ability to swallow, the posture of the head and the concentration ability. CONCLUSION: ITB provides neuromodulation even in pediatric patients with complex neuromotoric spasticity.


Subject(s)
Baclofen/administration & dosage , Cerebral Palsy/drug therapy , Muscle Relaxants, Central/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Cerebral Palsy/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Disability Evaluation , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Equipment Design , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infusion Pumps, Implantable , Injections, Spinal , Male , Near Drowning/complications , Neurologic Examination/drug effects , Pain Measurement
11.
Eur J Neurol ; 15(6): 634-6, 2008 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18474079

ABSTRACT

Neutrophils in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples are commonly considered a pathological feature; however, there is little information on the frequency and significance of these cells in CSF samples without pleocytosis. Therefore, the frequency and possible clinical significance of neutrophils in CSF was investigated. In a retrospective study comprising 1556 consecutive CSF samples, cytologies and patient records were reviewed. Five hundred thirty-eight CSF samples without pleocytosis were identified. Neutrophils were detected in 35.5% of these samples. The presence of neutrophils was associated with sepsis (P < 0.01), recent epileptic seizure (P < 0.0001), and blood contamination (P < 0.01). Amongst patients without CSF pleocytosis, CNS infections were not more frequent if neutrophils were present. Neutrophils are frequently observed in CSF with normal leukocyte counts. As sepsis but not CNS infection occurred more frequently in these patients, we conclude that in the absence of CSF pleocytosis, neutrophils are not indicative of CNS infections.


Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology , Leukocytosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Neutrophils , Epilepsy/cerebrospinal fluid , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Seizures/cerebrospinal fluid , Sepsis/cerebrospinal fluid
12.
Rev. chil. urol ; 70(4): 240-243, 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-452494

ABSTRACT

Para el manejo de la estenosis de uretra se han descrito varias alternativas terapéuticas, incluyendo la dilatación uretral, la uretrotomía interna (UI) y las uretroplastias. Se presenta la experiencia en los pacientes que han sido manejados con una UI como tratamiento primario y evaluar sus resultados y complicaciones. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de 67 pacientes sometidos a UI en el Hospital Militar de Santiago, entre marzo de 1981 y marzo de 2004. El método de estudio diagnóstico más utilizado fue la uretroscopia (79 por ciento), seguido de la uroflujometría (54 por ciento) y de la uretrocistografía (48 por ciento). Se realizaron 75 uretrotomías internas (8 pacientes presentaban 2 estenosis). La causa de la estenosis fue la instrumentación de la vía urinaria (46 por ciento) (20 pacientes por tratamiento de patología prostática y 11 pacientes por uso de sonda Foley por otra causa), idiopática (31 por ciento), uretritis (17 por ciento) y traumática (6 por ciento). La localización más frecuente fue uretra bulbar (64 por ciento), seguido de uretra peniana (19 por ciento), membranosa (9 por ciento) y meatal (8 por ciento). Todos los pacientes fueron controlados y seguidos en el policlínico de urología, con una mediana de seguimiento de 30 meses (3-240). La recurrencia clínica fue de 16 por ciento, 44 por ciento, 55 por ciento y 65 por ciento, con una primera uretrotomía, a los 6, 12, 24 y 36 meses de seguimiento respectivamente. De los 44 pacientes que recurrieron, (23 por ciento) se les realizó una nueva uretrotomía y a los 34 restantes (77 por ciento), se les manejó con dilataciones uretrales periódicas. Del total de pacientes con recurrencia, 6 se encuentran sin tratamiento y conformes con su chorro miccional, los que junto a los 23 pacientes que respondieron con la primera uretrotomía, constituyen un total de 29 pacientes (43,2 por ciento) con buena respuesta clínica y un manejo no invasivo. Diez pacientes (15 por ciento) se complicaron, 3 presentar...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Intraoperative Complications , Urethral Stricture/surgery , Urethra/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Recurrence
13.
Rev. chil. urol ; 70(3): 127-131, 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-430757

ABSTRACT

Hemos implementado un programa continuo de screening para cáncer de próstata en el Hospital Militar de Santiago. Presentamos los resultados de los primeros 434 pacientes atendidos. Entre septiembre de 2003 y agosto de 2004 se atendió en un policlínico especial, separado del policlínico de ®morbilidad urológica¼, a los pacientes que consultaran solicitando específicamente un ®chequeo¼ prostático. La evaluación consistió en una breve encuesta, un tacto rectal y un antígeno prostático específico (APE), para el cual se tomó la muestra al momento de solicitar la hora. Del total de 434 pacientes que consultaron fueron excluidos para el análisis los menores de 40 años y los mayores de 75 años, quedando 412 pacientes en el rango de 40 a 75 años. Se definió como alterado un APE >2,50 ng/ml en los pacientes de 40 a 49 años, un APE >3,00 ng/ml en los pacientes de 50 a 59 años y un APE >4,00 ng/ml en los pacientes de 60 a 75 años. Los pacientes con APE alterado y/o tacto rectal sospechoso de cáncer fueron sometidos a biopsia transrectal ecoguiada extendida (>=12 muestras), a excepción de aquellos que presentaban síntomas del tracto urinario inferior (en ausencia de tacto rectal sospechoso). Estos últimos fueron tratados con ciprofloxacino oral por 10-20 días y controlados con un nuevo APE. Los pacientes que tuvieron persistencia de APE elevado fueron sometidos a biopsia. Toda la información obtenida fue registrada en forma prospectiva. Para el an*lisis estadístico se utilizó el programa Excel v.X de Microsoft(r). En 29 de 412 pacientes (7 por ciento) se encontró un APE anormal para la edad y/o un tacto rectal sospechoso de cáncer. De éstos, 18 pacientes fueron sometidos a biopsia, 13 en forma inmediata y 5 después de tratamiento antibiótico. De los restantes 11 pacientes, el APE post-antibióticos se normalizó en 6 casos y estaba aún pendiente al momento de la revisión en 5 casos. El estudio histopatológico demostró adenocarcinoma en 9 de las 18 biopsias (50 por ciento), lo que se traduce en una tasa de detección global de 2,2 por ciento. La biopsia demostró tumor bilateral en 6 casos y un score de Gleason >=7 en 5 casos. Es factible implementar un programa continuo de ®screening¼ prostático. A pesar del aparente beneficio individual, el impacto poblacional de diagnosticar y tratar a los pacientes con cáncer prostático mediante ®screening¼ y la relación costo-beneficio de éste seguirán siendo materia de debate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mass Screening/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Prostate-Specific Antigen
14.
Int J Artif Organs ; 27(2): 137-48, 2004 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15061475

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare long-term efficacy and biocompatibility of the 5 most commonly applied LDL-apheresis techniques using a specifically modified calculation method of the area under the curve (AUC) for laboratory parameters. DESIGN: Retrospective long-term analysis of 20 patients with homozygous or severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. PROCEDURES: The following 5 extra-corporeal LDL-apheresis methods were compared: IMAL (Immuno Adsorption of Lipoproteins), DSA (Dextran Sulphate Adsorption), HELP (Heparin Induced Extra-corporeal LDL Precipitation), DALI (Direct Adsorption of Lipoproteins), MDF (Membrane Differential Filtration). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: AUC derived plasma concentrations (C(AUC)) of lipoproteins between two apheresis procedures and their long-term course. Comparison of biocompatibility and efficacy concerning the LDL-C target of < 2.6 mmol/L of 5 apheresis techniques. Progression of atherosclerosis in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. MAIN FINDINGS: The means of AUC derived average plasma concentrations (C(AUC)) of all treatment intervals were for LDL-C and the LDL/HDL ratio as follows: IMAL (5.59 mmol/L; ratio 4.1), DSA (3.03 mmol/L; ratio 2.0), HELP (4.06 mmol/L; ratio 2.2), DALI (3.83 mmol/L; ratio 3.3), MDF (3.26 mmol/L; ratio 3.2). Coronary heart disease and cardiac events (myocardial infarction, PTCA/ stent implantation, CABG) progressed in only 2 patients whereas atherosclerosis manifestations (sclerosis abdominal aorta, carotid artery stenosis, peripheral vascular disease) worsened in 13 patients. Mean ergometric capacity improved from 112 to 118 Watt. CONCLUSIONS: All 5 apheresis methods (IMAL, DSA, HELP, DALI, MDF) proved to be safe and suitable for long-term treatment in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. The introduction of the C(AUC) revealed that the target of LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L was not achieved with regard to the time averaged concentration (C(AUC)).


Subject(s)
Blood Component Removal/methods , Cholesterol, HDL/metabolism , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/therapy , Adult , Area Under Curve , Cholesterol, HDL/analysis , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/complications , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
15.
J Mol Biol ; 335(1): 139-53, 2004 Jan 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14659746

ABSTRACT

Microtubules are highly dynamic components of the cytoskeleton. They are important for cell movement and they are involved in a variety of transport processes together with motor proteins, such as kinesin. The exact mechanism of these transport processes is not known and so far the focus has been on structural changes within the motor domains, but not within the underlying microtubule structure. Here we investigated the interaction between kinesin and tubulin and our experimental data show that microtubules themselves are changing structure during that process. We studied unstained, vitrified samples of microtubules composed of 15 protofilaments using cryo electron microscopy and helical image analysis. 3D maps of plain microtubules and microtubules decorated with kinesin have been reconstructed to approximately 17A resolution. The alphabeta-tubulin dimer could be identified and, according to our data, alpha- and beta-tubulin adopt different conformations in plain microtubules. Significant differences were detected between maps of plain microtubules and microtubule-kinesin complexes. Most pronounced is the continuous axial inter-dimer contact in the microtubule-kinesin complex, suggesting stabilized protofilaments along the microtubule axis. It seems, that mainly structural changes within alpha-tubulin are responsible for this observation. Lateral effects are less pronounced. Following our data, we believe, that microtubules play an active role in intracellular transport processes through modulations of their core structure.


Subject(s)
Kinesins/chemistry , Microtubules/chemistry , Cryoelectron Microscopy , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Kinesins/metabolism , Microtubules/metabolism , Models, Molecular , Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry , Molecular Motor Proteins/metabolism , Neurospora crassa/chemistry , Protein Binding , Protein Conformation , Protein Subunits/chemistry , Tubulin/chemistry
16.
Rev. chil. urol ; 69(1): 51-55, 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-393951

ABSTRACT

El uso de anestesia local en biopsias prostáticas transrectales podría contribuir a aumentar la detección de cáncer al mejorar la tolerancia al procedimiento y permitir así, un mayor número de punciones. Sin embargo, la dosis óptima de anestesia y la tasa de complicaciones asociadas no han sido claramente establecidas. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la efectividad, tolerancia y complicaciones en biopsias prostáticas transrectales realizadas con y sin anestesia local. Se estudian 412 biopsias prostáticas transrectales, ecoguiadas, 119 sin y 293 con anestesia, estas últimas en forma prospectiva; 149 de ellas con 10 ml y las 144 restantes con 20 ml de lidocaína al 1 porciento, realizadas entre mayo de 1994 y julio de 2003, en el Hospital Militar de Santiago. Se analizan parámetros clínicos, indicación de biopsia, índice de detección de cáncer y complicaciones. Además, en ambos grupos con anestesia se registró la percepción del dolor según escala visual análoga (EVA). El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el test de proporciones y el test de t-student para diferencia de medias, con un valor p significativo <0,05. Los tres grupos son comparables en cuanto a edad, indicación de la biopsia, hallazgo al tacto rectal (TR) y al antígeno prostático específico (APE). El índice global de detección de cáncer fue de 30 porciento, no encontrándose diferencias entre los grupos estudiados (p >0,05). Tampoco se hallaron diferencias en el número de complicaciones. El uso de anestesia local otorga una excelente tolerancia al procedimiento, permitiendo realizar un mayor número de biopsias, sin aumentar la morbilidad. Sin embargo, esta ventaja no se vio reflejada en un aumento en la detección de cáncer. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el uso de 10 ó 20 ml de lidocaína en ninguno de los parámetros estudiados. El APE y el TR, por sí solos, no son elementos suficientes para descartar o confirmar la presencia de cáncer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Biopsy/methods , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms , Chile
17.
Rev. chil. urol ; 69(3): 215-218, 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-430719

ABSTRACT

La biopsia prostática transrectal ecoguiada es un procedimiento bien tolerado y con un bajo nivel de complicaciones. Éstas suelen ser hemorrágicas o infecciosas. Debido a una tasa inusualmente elevada de complicaciones infecciosas, decidimos caracterizar a este grupo de pacientes. Estudio de casos y controles. Se analizan 233 biopsias prostáticas transrectales realizadas entre el 1 de agosto de 2003 y el 31 de mayo de 2004, todas con anestesia local periprostática. Los pacientes recibieron preparación con ciprofloxacino (2 dosis de 500 mg previo al examen y 8 dosis posterior a éste) y enema fleet (2 aplicaciones previo al examen). Cuarenta y tres pacientes habían recibido previamente este antibiótico como tratamiento por distintas causas. Se registraron complicaciones en 9 pacientes (3,9 por ciento). Hubo 2 casos de orquiepididimitis, 1 de sepsis sin foco clínico y 6 casos de prostatitis aguda. En dos de estos últimos se registró un cuadro séptico concomitante. El promedio global de hospitalización fue de 5,4 días. El promedio de punciones fue de 14,3 para los pacientes con complicaciones y de 13,4 para los no complicados (p=0,15). En los 9 pacientes con complicaciones infecciosas, los urocultivos y/o hemocultivos arrojaron una Escherichia coli. Seis de ellos habían estado expuestos al ciprofloxacino por 10 o más días durante los 2 meses previos a la biopsia. Las complicaciones infecciosas fueron significativamente más prevalentes entre los pacientes previamente expuestos al ciprofloxacino que en aquellos no expuestos (p=0,0001; OR 10,1). Todas las cepas encontradas, excepto en un paciente, demostraron ser resistentes al ciprofloxacino. A su vez, todas ellas, excepto una, eran sensibles a las cefalosporinas de 3a generación. No se registró resistencia a los carbapenems. La sensibilidad a los aminoglicósidos y sulfas fue variable en cada caso. Las infecciones post biopsia pueden constituir un cuadro grave. En estos casos, el germen más frecuentemente encontrado es la E. coli y su resistencia al ciprofloxacino es alta. El uso previo de este fármaco se asocia a un importante riesgo de complicación infecciosa. En estos pacientes, debiera considerarse un esquema alternativo de profilaxis antibiótica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Biopsy/adverse effects , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Prostate/abnormalities , Ciprofloxacin/adverse effects , Epididymitis/complications , Case-Control Studies , Orchitis/complications , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/adverse effects , Prostatitis/complications , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Sepsis/complications , Urinary Tract
18.
Cell Death Differ ; 10 Suppl 1: S59-67, 2003 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12655347

ABSTRACT

Chronic hepatitis C progresses to cirrhosis within 20 years in an estimated 20-30% of patients, while running a relatively uneventful course in most others. Certain HCV proteins, such as core and NS5A, can induce derangement of lipid metabolism or alter signal transduction of infected hepatocytes which leads to the production of reactive oxygen radicals and profibrogenic mediators, in particular TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1 is the strongest known inducer of fibrogenesis in the effector cells of hepatic fibrosis, i.e. activated hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts. However, fibrogenesis proceeds only when additional profibrogenic stimuli are present, e.g. alcohol exposure, metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or coinfections with HIV or Schistosoma mansoni that skew the immune response towards a Th2 T cell reaction. Furthermore, profibrogenic polymorphisms in genes that are relevant during fibrogenesis have been disclosed. This knowledge will make it possible to identify those patients who are most likely to progress and who need antiviral or antifibrotic therapies most urgently. However, even the best available treatment, the combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin, which is costly and fraught with side effects, eradicates HCV in only 50% of patients. While the suggestive antifibrotic effect of interferons (IF-gamma>alpha,beta), irrespective of viral elimination, has to be proven in randomised prospective studies, additional, well tolerated and cost-effective antifibrotic therapies have to be developed. The combination of cytokine strategies, e.g. inhibition of the key profibrogenic mediator TGF-beta, with other potential antifibrotic agents appears promising. Such adjunctive agents could be silymarin, sho-saiko-to, halofuginone, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and endothelin-A-receptor or angiotensin antagonists. Furthermore, drug targeting to the fibrogenic effector cells appears feasible. Together with the evolving validation of serological markers of hepatic fibrogenesis and fibrolysis an effective and individualised treatment of liver fibrosis is anticipated.


Subject(s)
Cell Death/immunology , Hepacivirus/pathogenicity , Hepatitis C/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Liver Cirrhosis/immunology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Cell Death/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Disease Progression , Drug Design , Female , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C/immunology , Hepatitis C/virology , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/virology , Male , Th2 Cells/immunology , Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors , Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology , Transforming Growth Factor beta1
19.
Rev. chil. urol ; 68(3): 329-334, 2003. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-395079

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el riesgo (mortalidad y morbilidad) de las nefrectomías de donante vivo realizadas en el Hospital Militar de Santiago (Hosmil). Revisión retrospectiva de 33 nefrectomías de donante vivo realizadas por lumbotomía, en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital Militar entre enero de 1983 y diciembre de 2001. Se revisan características de los pacientes, de la cirugía y el desarrollo de complicaciones peri operatorias. En la serie tuvimos una complicación mayor (3,0 porciento): desgarro esplénico, que requirió de esplenectomía, y 8 complicaciones menores en 7 donantes (21,2 porciento): 2 neumotórax (6,1 porciento), 2 infecciones de herida operatoria (6,1 porciento), 1 neumonía (3,0 porciento), 1 bronquitis aguda febril (3,0 porciento), 1 seroma (3,0 porciento) y 1 infección urinaria(3,0 porciento). No hubo mortalidad en los donantes. El análisis univariado identificó que los donantes de sexo masculino tenían una tendencia a presentar un mayor índice de complicaciones (p=0,051). La nefrectomía de donante vivo puede ser realizada con una baja tasa de complicaciones mayores y sin riesgo vital. Nuestra tasa de complicaciones es comparable a otras series publicadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Living Donors/supply & distribution , Nephrectomy/methods , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Chile , Nephrectomy/adverse effects , Nephrectomy/statistics & numerical data , Nephrectomy/mortality , Kidney Diseases/surgery , Patient Selection , Retrospective Studies
20.
Rev. chil. urol ; 67(2): 125-133, 2002. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-414101

ABSTRACT

El carcinoma de células transicionales del tracto urinario superior representa aproximadamente el 5 por ciento de todos los tumores de urotelio. El tratamiento estándar es la nefroureterectomía, aunque en años recientes se ha producido un mayor desarrollo de técnicas conservadoras para tumores superficiales y de bajo grado. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una descripción de los pacientes operados por esta enfermedad tumoral durante los últimos 10 años en nuestra institución, evaluando la importancia de los probables factores pronósticos de recurrencia y sobrevida después del tratamiento quirúrgico. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante revisión de fichas clínicas, informes de anatomía patológica y certificados de defunción, además de seguimiento telefónico, de los pacientes operados un nuestro centro entre 1992 y 2001. Fueron registradas las características de los pacientes y de los tumores, la forma de presentación, el estudio diagnóstico, el tratamiento recibido, las recurrencias y las muertes, señalando la causa de éstas. Para el análisis estadístico se compararon curvas de Kaplan-Meier mediante log-rank test. Se obtuvieron datos de 25 pacientes, 16 hombres y 9 mujeres. El seguimiento fue de 100 por ciento, con una mediana de seguimiento de 13,8 meses (1-56 meses). La edad promedio fue de 69±13 años. El tumor primario se localizó en pelvis, uréter y unión pieloureteral en 76 por ciento, 16 por ciento y 8 por ciento de los casos respectivamente. El factor de riesgo más importante fue el tabaquismo (40 por ciento de los pacientes). El 88 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo hematuria macroscópica como forma de presentación. En el 90 por ciento de los casos fue necesario realizar dos o más estudios de imágenes para el diagnóstico. El tratamiento inicial de todos los pacientes fue quirúrgico: nefrectomía en 18 pacientes (72 por ciento), nefrectomía en 4, nefrectomía parcial en 1 y nefroureterectomía distal en 1. El tumor fue superficial (Ta/T1) en 20 por ciento e invasor (T2-T4) en el 80 por ciento de los casos. El 70 por ciento de los tumores tuvo grado III o IV de Broders. La linfadenectomía fue positiva en 2 de 6 pacientes. Se empleo quimioterapia y/o radioterapia adyuvante en 4 pacientes. La tasa de sobrevida actuarial cáncer-específica a 5 años fue de 100 por ciento para los tumores superficiales (Ta/T1) y de 40 por ciento para los tumores invasores (t2-t4)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/epidemiology , Lymph Node Excision , Nephrectomy/statistics & numerical data , Urologic Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/drug therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Follow-Up Studies , Hematuria/etiology , Lymph Node Excision , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Urologic Neoplasms
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