ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hepatic hemangiomas may be associated with serious complications; however, it is unknown whether ultrasound (US) features can predict complications. OBJECTIVE: To analyze initial US features of hepatic hemangiomas predictive of complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of clinical, biological, and imaging data of infants with hepatic hemangioma between 2000 and 2018. Patients were categorized as having or not having any complication(s). Associations between initial US features and complications were analyzed through logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine optimal cutoff values for continuous variables. Stepwise forward logistic regression was used to construct risk prediction models with training and validation sets. Model calibration and discrimination were evaluated using Hosmer-Lemeshow tests, area under the ROC curve, and overall accuracy. RESULTS: Of 112 infants with hepatic hemangioma, 67 (60%) had focal, 32 (28%) had multifocal, and 13 (12%) had diffuse lesions, with complication rates of 51%, 34%, and 92%, respectively, mostly cardiac (54/57, 95%). The US characteristics of the hemangiomas were diverse. Risk factors for complications included diffuse subtype; large tumor volume (focal forms); elevated peak systolic hepatic arterial velocity (PSV); and hepatic vein dilation. For focal forms, initial tumor volume >40 ml and PSV >100 cm/s had >70% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, to predict complications; a model including these variables had 75% overall accuracy in the validation set. For multifocal/diffuse forms, a PSV >115 cm/s had sensitivity and specificity to predict complications of >70%; a model including this variable had 78% overall accuracy in the validation set. CONCLUSION: Diffuse subtype, large tumor volume, elevated hepatic arterial PSV, and hepatic vein dilation are risk factors for complications of hepatic hemangiomas.
Subject(s)
Hemangioma , Liver Neoplasms , Vascular Diseases , Infant , Humans , Child , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Hemangioma/diagnostic imaging , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to describe the distinctive ultrasound findings of a case of vaginal bleeding caused by the presence of a foreign body. We present the case of an infant who consulted for vaginal bleeding and foul-smelling discharge. The ultrasound revealed signs of vaginal distension due to heterogeneous-hematic contents and parietal thickening. At Doppler examination, a striking finding of increased vascularization limited to the upper two-thirds of the vaginal wall was found, which was initially interpreted as a sign of local inflammation suggesting the presence of an underlying foreign body. At direct vaginoscopic examination remains of toilet paper in the vaginal fundus were found. The presence of a foreign body in the vagina is an uncommon cause of discharge and vaginal bleeding in pediatrics, therefore, this etiology should be kept in mind when the adequate clinical context arises. Doppler ultrasound represents a first-line complementary method when this entity is suspected.
Subject(s)
Foreign Bodies , Vaginal Diseases , Child , Female , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Ultrasonography/adverse effects , Uterine Hemorrhage/complications , Uterine Hemorrhage/etiology , Vagina/diagnostic imaging , Vaginal Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Splenosis is defined as the growth of ectopic splenic tissue, due to its direct seeding, usually seen after traumatic or surgical procedures to the spleen. It often occurs on highly vascularized surfaces such as the omentum or the mesentery, and grows in sessile form, supplied by adjacent vessels. Intestinal splenosis with endoluminal extension is extremely rare. We present a case of intestinal splenosis with endoluminal growth in a 14-year-old boy that provoked a small bowel intussusception requiring surgical resolution.
Subject(s)
Intussusception , Splenosis , Adolescent , Humans , Intussusception/diagnostic imaging , Intussusception/etiology , Intussusception/surgery , Jejunum/diagnostic imaging , Jejunum/surgery , Male , Omentum , Splenosis/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Characteristics and epidemiology of jaw tumours have been described mostly in adults. Compared with their adult counterparts, childhood jaw tumours show considerable differences. The aim of this study was to describe the different jaw tumours in children, define diagnostic tools to determine their specificity and describe optimal treatment. METHODS: All children patients with jaw lesions, excluding cysts, apical granuloma and osteitis were included in our study between 1999 and 2009. The medical records were analyzed for clinical, radiological, and pathological findings, treatments and recurrences. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 10.9 years old, ranging from 2 months to 18 years old. Of the 63 lesions, 18 were odontogenic and 45 non-odontogenic lesions. 6% of all cases were malignant tumours; the mean age of presentation was 7.25 years old, [ranging from 0.2 to 18 years old]. Approximately 80% of the tumours developed after 6 years of age. Odontogenic tumours occurred more often after the age of 6. CONCLUSION: Compared with their adult counterpart, childhood jaw tumours show considerable differences in their clinical behaviour and radiological and pathological characteristics. Clinical features of some tumours can be specific to children. Tumourigenesis is related to dental development and facial growth. Conservative treatment should be considered.
Subject(s)
Jaw Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Age Factors , Ameloblastoma/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Eosinophilic Granuloma/diagnosis , Female , Fibroma, Ossifying/diagnosis , Fibromatosis, Aggressive/diagnosis , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/diagnosis , Granuloma, Giant Cell/diagnosis , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Humans , Infant , Jaw Cysts/diagnosis , Jaw Diseases/diagnosis , Jaw Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Jaw Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Myofibroma/diagnosis , Neuroectodermal Tumor, Melanotic/diagnosis , Odontogenic Tumors/diagnosis , Odontogenic Tumors/diagnostic imaging , Odontogenic Tumors/pathology , Odontoma/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Sarcoma/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare entity, characterized by lymph node follicles hyperplasia. It rarely occurs in children. We present a case of a 9 year old girl with CD in the parotid region. This disease, although it's low incidence in pediatric population, may mimic a malignant neoplasm and should be a differential diagnosis in cervical masses.
Subject(s)
Castleman Disease , Castleman Disease/diagnosis , Castleman Disease/surgery , Child , Female , Humans , NeckABSTRACT
La enfermedad de Castleman es una rara entidad, caracterizada por la hiperplasia de los folículos linfoides. Excepcionalmente afecta a los niños. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 9 años con enfermedad de Castleman en la región parotídea. A pesar de su baja incidencia en la población pediátrica, esta afección puede simular una neoplasia y debe ser tenida en cuenta entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de una masa cervical.
Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare entity, characterized by lymph node follicles hyperplasia. It rarely occurs in children. We present a case of a 9 year old girl with CD in the parotid region. This disease, although it's low incidence in pediatric population, may mimic a malignant neoplasm and should be a differential diagnosis in cervical masses.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Castleman Disease , Castleman Disease/diagnosis , Castleman Disease/surgery , NeckABSTRACT
La enfermedad de Castleman es una rara entidad, caracterizada por la hiperplasia de los folículos linfoides. Excepcionalmente afecta a los niños. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 9 años con enfermedad de Castleman en la región parotídea. A pesar de su baja incidencia en la población pediátrica, esta afección puede simular una neoplasia y debe ser tenida en cuenta entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de una masa cervical.(AU)
Castlemans disease (CD) is a rare entity, characterized by lymph node follicles hyperplasia. It rarely occurs in children. We present a case of a 9 year old girl with CD in the parotid region. This disease, although its low incidence in pediatric population, may mimic a malignant neoplasm and should be a differential diagnosis in cervical masses.(AU)
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Castleman Disease , Castleman Disease/diagnosis , Castleman Disease/surgery , NeckABSTRACT
Castlemans disease (CD) is a rare entity, characterized by lymph node follicles hyperplasia. It rarely occurs in children. We present a case of a 9 year old girl with CD in the parotid region. This disease, although its low incidence in pediatric population, may mimic a malignant neoplasm and should be a differential diagnosis in cervical masses.
Subject(s)
Castleman Disease , Child , Female , Castleman Disease/diagnosis , Castleman Disease/surgery , Humans , NeckABSTRACT
Las malformaciones vasculares son enfermedades raras ocasionadas por errores en el desarrollo embriológico de los vasos sanguíneos. Estas lesiones, junto con los tumores vasculares, constituyen las anomalías vasculares. En el caso de las malformaciones vasculares, éstas se denominan de acuerdo al vaso que conforma la lesión y se clasifican según las características del flujo en malformaciones de bajo o alto flujo. Si bien la mayor parte son diagnosticadas según criterios clínicos, algunas lesiones requieren de estudios complementarios tanto para el establecimiento de un correcto diagnóstico como para la evaluación de su extensión. La ecografía Doppler suele ser el estudio inicial para conocer las características hemodinámicas y contribuir al diagnóstico diferencial entre un tumor y una malformación vascular. La resonancia magnética (RM) es el mejor método para evaluar la extensión de las lesiones y su relación con estructuras adyacentes. El diagnóstico preciso del tipo de malformación vascular es importante por su pronóstico y tratamiento diferentes. La Radiología Intervencionista constituye uno de los pilares fundamentales en el manejo terapéutico. Es altamente recomendable un abordaje multidisciplinario dada la complejidad de estas lesiones, particularmente en la elección de las opciones terapéuticas y en el seguimiento clínico de los pacientes.
Vascular malformations: diagnostic clues for the radiologist. Vascular malformations are rare conditions resulting from the abnormal development of blood vessels. These lesions, together with vascular tumors, represent the vascular anomalies. Vascular malformations are named according to which type of vessel is affected and are classified into high- or low-flow malformations on the basis of flow characteristics. Most vascular malformations are diagnosed according to clinical criteria. However, some require imaging studies to confirm the diagnosis or assess its extension. Doppler ultrasound is the usual initial study for hemodynamic assessment and forits contribution to differential diagnosis between vascular tumors and malformations. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is the best technique for evaluating the extent of the lesions and their relationship with adjacent structures. An accurate diagnosis of the type of vascular malformation is of importance because of the different prognosis and treatment. Interventional radiology is one of the cornerstones in the therapeutic management. A multidisciplinary approach is highly recommended given the complexity of these lesions, particularly for selecting therapeutic options and for the patient clinical follow-up.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hemangioma , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Vascular Malformations/diagnosis , Vascular Malformations/therapy , Ultrasonography , Vascular NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Las malformaciones vasculares son enfermedades raras ocasionadas por errores en el desarrollo embriológico de los vasos sanguíneos. Estas lesiones, junto con los tumores vasculares, constituyen las anomalías vasculares. En el caso de las malformaciones vasculares, éstas se denominan de acuerdo al vaso que conforma la lesión y se clasifican según las características del flujo en malformaciones de bajo o alto flujo. Si bien la mayor parte son diagnosticadas según criterios clínicos, algunas lesiones requieren de estudios complementarios tanto para el establecimiento de un correcto diagnóstico como para la evaluación de su extensión. La ecografía Doppler suele ser el estudio inicial para conocer las características hemodinámicas y contribuir al diagnóstico diferencial entre un tumor y una malformación vascular. La resonancia magnética (RM) es el mejor método para evaluar la extensión de las lesiones y su relación con estructuras adyacentes. El diagnóstico preciso del tipo de malformación vascular es importante por su pronóstico y tratamiento diferentes. La Radiología Intervencionista constituye uno de los pilares fundamentales en el manejo terapéutico. Es altamente recomendable un abordaje multidisciplinario dada la complejidad de estas lesiones, particularmente en la elección de las opciones terapéuticas y en el seguimiento clínico de los pacientes.(AU)
Vascular malformations are rare conditions resulting from the abnormal development of blood vessels. These lesions, together with vascular tumors, represent the vascular anomalies. Vascular malformations are named according to which type of vessel is affected and are classified into high- or low-flow malformations on the basis of flow characteristics. Most vascular malformations are diagnosed according to clinical criteria. However, some require imaging studies to confirm the diagnosis or assess its extension. Doppler ultrasound is the usual initial study for hemodynamic assessment and for its contribution to differential diagnosis between vascular tumors and malformations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best technique for evaluating the extent of the lesions and their relationship with adjacent structures. An accurate diagnosis of the type of vascular malformation is of importance because of the different prognosis and treatment. Interventional radiology is one of the cornerstones in the therapeutic management. A multidisciplinary approach is highly recommended given the complexity of these lesions, particularly for selecting therapeutic options and for the patient clinical follow-up.(AU)
ABSTRACT
Las malformaciones vasculares venosas son un tipo de anomalía vascular de bajo flujo que se encuentran en el 0,2-0,5% de la población. Pueden hacerse evidentes desde el nacimiento o, en algunos casos, coincidiendo con la pubertad y el embarazo. Las localizaciones más frecuentes son extremidades, cabeza y cuello. La presentación mamaria es extremadamente rara. La patología revela vasos tapizados por células endoteliales irregulares, de paredes finas y con disminución del músculo liso de la pared vascular. La RMN con y sin contraste permite evaluar la extensión de la lesión, su relación con otras estructuras anatómicas y según esto definir la conducta. La embolizaciòn esclerosante percutánea se considera el tratamiento de elección. El interés de esta presentación reside en reportar un caso de localización infrecuente de una malformación vascular venosa, considerar esta entidad como diagnóstico diferencial de otras lesiones benignas de la mama y analizar sus características imaginológicas
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Vascular MalformationsABSTRACT
Las malformaciones vasculares venosas son un tipo de anomalía vascular de bajo flujo que se encuentran en el 0,2-0,5% de la población. Pueden hacerse evidentes desde el nacimiento o, en algunos casos, coincidiendo con la pubertad y el embarazo. Las localizaciones más frecuentes son extremidades, cabeza y cuello. La presentación mamaria es extremadamente rara. La patología revela vasos tapizados por células endoteliales irregulares, de paredes finas y con disminución del músculo liso de la pared vascular. La RMN con y sin contraste permite evaluar la extensión de la lesión, su relación con otras estructuras anatómicas y según esto definir la conducta. La embolizaciòn esclerosante percutánea se considera el tratamiento de elección. El interés de esta presentación reside en reportar un caso de localización infrecuente de una malformación vascular venosa, considerar esta entidad como diagnóstico diferencial de otras lesiones benignas de la mama y analizar sus características imaginológicas
