Subject(s)
Embryo Implantation/drug effects , Endometrium/metabolism , Estradiol/metabolism , Estrone/metabolism , Animals , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology , Corpus Luteum/physiology , Female , Macaca mulatta , Menstruation/drug effects , Progesterone/pharmacology , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolismABSTRACT
Total concentrations of estradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P) receptors (R) were measured in the endometrium of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during the normal menstrual cycle. The endometrium was collected at abdominal fundal hysterotomy on days 8, 12, 15, 18 and 24 of the menstrual cycle. Visual inspection of the ovaries and measurement of E2, P, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) provided assuredness of normal ovarian function. Exchange procedures were used in order to measure the total concentrations of E2R and PR in nuclear and cytosol fractions. The pattern of estrogen receptor showed a slight increase in the cytosol and nuclear concentrations at the preovulatory interval. Later, the total E2R concentration was decreased when P increased during the luteal phase. Cytosol PR synthesis was parallel to the serum E2 increase during the late follicular phase. Secretion of P by the corpus luteum was accompanied by a rapid nuclear translocation and concomitant decrease in cytoplasmic PR. Thereafter the total PR concentration declined during the second half of the luteal phase. These findings in monkey endometrium are similar to those reported for human endometrium during the normal menstrual cycle and further establish the utility of these surrogate primates in investigations indicative of human endometrial function.
Subject(s)
Endometrium/metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism , Animals , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Cytosol/metabolism , Estrogens/blood , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood , Haplorhini , Luteinizing Hormone/blood , Macaca mulatta , Menstruation , Progesterone/bloodSubject(s)
Endometrium/metabolism , Estradiol/pharmacology , Progesterone/pharmacology , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism , Animals , Castration , Cytosol , Endometrium/drug effects , Estradiol/metabolism , Female , Haplorhini , Kinetics , Macaca mulatta , Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects , Receptors, Progesterone/drug effects , Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin/metabolismABSTRACT
17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) was studied in endometrium removed surgically from intact female monkeys in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Also castrated monkeys (N=20) implanted with estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in silastic capsules were used to investigate the hormonal dependence of this enzyme in endometrium. The activity was characterized by an optimal pH between 9 and 10, a Km for E2 of 14.2 x 10(-6)M, a Vmax of 0.9 x 10(-6)M x min-1 in Tris-HCl buffer 50 mM pH 9. Using these conditions, we found linearity with time and protein concentration. Subcellular fractionation of endometrial homogenate showed a maximal activity in the 105,000 x g ultracentrifugation microsomal pellet and a very low activity in cytosol. HSD activity increased slightly, but distinctly, with E2 capsules alone, and a marked HSD stimulation (10 fold) occurred after P administration in combination with E2. There are strong similarities between this enzyme and the one described in human endometrium.
