ABSTRACT
Enamel hypoplasia and disruption of dentinogenesis are the most common abnormalities of development and mineralization of human teeth. Several reports are available in the literature on the influence of dietary calcium on the formation of human and rodent tooth; however, the information about the influence of dietary phosphorus on the tooth formation is scarce. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the chronic effect of high phosphorus diet and improper dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio on the mandibular incisor microstructure in a hystricomorph rodent--Octodon degu--using macroscopic observation, histopathological examination, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The present study shows that enamel and dentin development is disturbed under high phosphorus diet and improper calcium to phosphorus ratio. Disturbed mineral metabolism resulted in enamel depigmentation, enamel hypoplasia, enamel pitting and altered dentin morphology. The results suggest that more attention should be focused on dietary phosphorus content when facing altered tooth structure in young patients with deciduous or permanent dentition. Furthermore, we showed that degus can be used as an experimental animal model for the study of the developmental teeth disturbances.
Subject(s)
Incisor/drug effects , Incisor/ultrastructure , Phosphorus, Dietary/metabolism , Rodentia/anatomy & histology , Animals , Calcium, Dietary/metabolism , Calcium, Dietary/pharmacology , Dental Enamel/pathology , Dental Enamel/ultrastructure , Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/pathology , Dentin/pathology , Dentin/ultrastructure , Humans , Incisor/growth & development , Male , Odontogenesis/physiology , Random Allocation , Rodentia/growth & development , Rodentia/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Amphotericin B (AmB) desoxycholate remains as one of the most efficacious agents currently available for the treatment of systemic fungal infections; however, amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) has been developed because of AmB desoxycholate nephrotoxicity. The goal of our study was to compare the effect of administration of AmB desoxycholate and ABCD on renal functions and renal morphology in rats. RESULTS: Amophotericin B desoxycholate as well as ABCD causes damage to renal tubuli and polyuria. Amophotericin desoxycholate causes considerably more severe damage to tubuli than ABCD, but the morphological damage to renal glomeruli is minimal in both formulas. In tubular cells, AmB desoxycholate causes severe damage to mitochondria, vacuolation of cytoplasm, and increased values of volume density of peroxisomes. CONCLUSION: None of these formulas causes a decrease in glomerular filtration in rats when animals are properly hydrated.
Subject(s)
Amphotericin B/toxicity , Antifungal Agents/toxicity , Deoxycholic Acid/toxicity , Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects , Kidney Tubules, Proximal/physiology , Animals , Cytoplasm/drug effects , Cytoplasm/pathology , Drug Combinations , Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects , Kidney Tubules, Collecting/drug effects , Kidney Tubules, Collecting/pathology , Kidney Tubules, Collecting/physiology , Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology , Loop of Henle/drug effects , Loop of Henle/pathology , Loop of Henle/physiology , Male , Mitochondria/drug effects , Mitochondria/pathology , Models, Animal , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Vacuoles/drug effects , Vacuoles/pathologyABSTRACT
Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) or Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) are used in clinics for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. The goal of our study was to compare the nephrotoxicity of these drugs in rat kidney. The effects of AmB and ABCD on the ultrastructure of the epithelium of renal tubules were studied and evaluated using morphometric and statistical methods. Two groups of 3 animals were established: group 1 was treated with AmB desoxycholate and group 2, to which ABCD was applied. AmB caused more than ABCD ultrastructural changes in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells: damage to mitochondria, vacuolation of cytoplasm, and increased values of volume density of peroxisomes. However, we failed to observe significant differences in morphology and density of the other cell organelles. The proximal tubules seemed to be more sensitive to the nephrotoxic influence of both formulas than the distal tubules of rat kidney. Although, AmB causes more severe damage than ABCD, both drugs cause damage to renal tubuli.
