Effect of Boxing Exercises on the Functional Ability and Quality of Life of Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder caused by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra and characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Boxing is a type of complementary therapy to improve symptoms in PD. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of boxing training on the functionality and quality of life of patients with PD. The literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar search engines. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. This systematic review included three studies that examined disease severity, mobility, physical activity, balance, and quality of life. According to the PEDro scale criteria, the three articles included were of high methodological quality. Statistically significant improvements after the implementation of boxing training was shown for balance and quality of life in contrast to the other variables. Boxing training intervention programs had a positive effect on balance and quality of life in patients with PD; however, the results are conflicting regarding certain functionality variables. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research to examine the effectiveness of boxing training on the functionality and quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease.

The Immediate Hypoalgesic Effect of Low and High Force Thoracic Mobilizations in Asymptomatic Subjects as Measured by Pain Pressure Thresholds (PPT).

Physiotherapists commonly use mobilizations for treating patients with thoracic spine pain (TSP). There is evidence to suggest that spinal mobilizations can decrease pain. Different doses of mobilization treatment are applied, however there is a paucity of evidence on the influence of these dosage parameters. The effect of different forces of treatment remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether there was a difference in the hypoalgesic effect of high and low force thoracic mobilizations. This single-blinded, randomized, within-subject, repeated measures, cross-over design recruited 28 asymptomatic participants. Participants received the experimental conditions of high (200 N) and low force (30 N) mobilizations to T6 at least 48 h apart. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured before and immediately after each experimental intervention at three different standardized sites. The results demonstrated that high force thoracic mobilizations caused a significant increase in PPT measures compared to low force mobilizations. This effect was detected at all PPT sites. This study suggests that high force thoracic PA mobilizations cause a significantly greater hypoalgesic response in asymptomatic participants than low force thoracic mobilizations. The hypoalgesic response seems to be elicited not only locally at the site of the intervention, but in a widespread manner.

Neuromuscular control of the lower extremities can be better enhanced by applying ankle taping and kinesiological taping rather than elastic bandaging: a randomized control study in amateur soccer players.

[Purpose] This study evaluated the effects of ankle elastic bandaging, taping, and kinesiology taping on the neuromuscular control of the lower extremities before and after their application and after exercise in soccer athletes. [Participants and Methods] Fifty-five amateur soccer players were randomly divided into four research sub-groups either receiving bandaging (n=15), taping (n=15), and kinesiology taping (n=15) on their ankle or serving as controls (n=10). The dynamic stability of the non-dominant limb was assessed through the star excursion balance test (SEBT) in three research conditions: a) before sports taping application, b) after the application, and c) after a 15 min laboratory simulation of soccer activities. [Results] Taping and kinesiology taping improved the dynamic stabilization of the lower limb more statistically significantly than bandaging. The addition of exercise significantly improved the SEBT results in the taping and kinesiology taping more than the bandaging and control groups. [Conclusion] Exercise activates the proprioceptive mechanisms of the lower limb and improves its neuromuscular control. This functional improvement of the lower limb appears to be enhanced after ankle taping and kinesiology taping compared with elastic bandaging and controls.

Study on the Reliability and Accuracy of Scolioscope, a New Digital Scoliometer.

Early detection of scoliosis with school screening and quick, easy, and reliable assessment of its progress are of paramount importance in the management of patients. There have been several tools described, with the most common being the analog scoliometer. Most recently, smartphone applications have entered this area with and without the use of sleeves for the device. There is no research that has evaluated the accuracy of measurements both left and right in either digital or analog devices. In this study, we evaluated the reliability and validity of a new digital scoliometer called the Scolioscope. Thirty subjects were included for the intra-rater reliability study. ICC values >0.9 were calculated both for same-day and between-day measurements. The device was highly accurate with an average difference from the ones set on the sine bar of 0.03° for right-side measurements and 0.18° for the left. These measurements suggest a highly accurate and reliable tool.

Gait Kinetic and Kinematic Changes in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients and the Effect of Manual Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Patients with chronic back pain as a result of degenerated disc disease, besides pain, also present with impaired gait. The purpose of the article was to evaluate kinetic and kinematic characteristics during gait analysis in patients with chronic low back pain as a result of degenerated disc disease, before and after the application of physiotherapy, including manual therapy techniques. Seventy-five patients suffering from chronic low back pain were randomly divided into 3 groups of 25 each. Each group received five sessions (one per week) of interventions with the first group receiving manual therapy treatment, the second a sham treatment and the third, classic physiotherapy (stretching exercises, TENS and massage). The effectiveness of each treatment was evaluated using an optoelectronic system for recording and analysis of gait (kinetic and kinematic data). Patients overall showed an impaired gait pattern with a difference in kinetic and kinematic data between the left and the right side. Following the application of the above-named interventions, only the group that received manual therapy showed a tendency towards symmetry between the right and left side. In patients suffering from chronic low back pain as a result of degenerated disc disease, the application of five manual therapy sessions seems to produce a tendency towards symmetry in gait.

Spinal mobilization vs conventional physiotherapy in the management of chronic low back pain due to spinal disk degeneration: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of spinal mobilization in subjects with low back pain (LBP) and associated spinal disk degeneration. METHODS: Seventy-five subjects suffering from chronic LBP (>3 months) were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 25 subjects each. Each group received five treatment sessions with the first group receiving manual therapy (MT) (spinal mobilization), the second a sham treatment, and the third conventional physiotherapy (CP) (stretching exercises, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and massage). Subjects were assessed for their pain intensity using the numerical pain rating scale and for their self-reported disability using the Oswestry and Roland-Morris Questionnaire at baseline and after the completion of the five treatment sessions. RESULTS: Paired t-tests showed a significant improvement for all outcome measures in the MT and CP group (p < 0.05). Analysis of covariance revealed that the MT group had significant improvement in all outcome measures in comparison with the sham and CP group (p < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed between the sham and CP group (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION: MT is preferable to CP in order to reduce the pain intensity and disability in subjects with chronic LBP and associated disk degeneration. The findings of this study may lead to the establishment of spinal mobilization as one of the most preferable approaches for the management of LBP due to disk degeneration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1b.

Comparison of surface electromyographic activity of erector spinae before and after the application of central posteroanterior mobilisation on the lumbar spine.

Lumbar spine accessory movements, used by therapists in the treatment of patients with low back pain, is thought to decrease paravertebral muscular activity; however there is little research to support this suggestion. This study investigated the effects of lumbar spine accessory movements on surface electromyography (sEMG) activity of erector spinae. A condition randomised, placebo controlled, repeated measures design was used. sEMG measurements were recorded from 36 asymptomatic subjects following a control, placebo and central posteroanterior (PA) mobilisation to L3 each for 2min. The therapist stood on a force platform while applying the PA mobilisation to quantify the force used. The PA mobilisation applied to each subject had a mean maximum force of 103.3N, mean amplitude of force oscillation of 41.1N, and a frequency of 1.2Hz. Surface electromyographic data were recorded from the musculature adjacent to L3, L5 and T10. There were statistically significant reductions of 15.5% (95% CI: 8.0-22.5%) and 17.8% (95% CI: 12.9-22.4%) in mean sEMG values following mobilisation compared with the control and placebo, respectively. This study demonstrates that a central PA mobilisation to L3 results in a statistically significant decrease in the sEMG activity of erector spinae of an asymptomatic population.