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1.
J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ ; 25(2): 153-166, 2020 04 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32048717

ABSTRACT

Deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents (DHH) experience more peer problems and lower levels of friendships than their hearing peers. This study used a qualitative approach to identify their experiences of peer problems and factors influencing them. A sample of 30, 13-19 year-old DHH adolescents with a moderate to profound hearing loss, drawn from a population-based cohort study in which their receptive language and social-emotional skills had been assessed, underwent semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants reported that, overall, they had developed positive and rewarding relationships with their peers, notwithstanding their earlier experience of being bullied. Conflicts and infrequency of interaction in their friendships were mainly reported by girls. Adolescents with moderate hearing loss were identified as facing the same or even more barriers than adolescents with severe to profound hearing loss in making new friends. Implications for educational practice are discussed.


Subject(s)
Deafness/psychology , Hearing Loss/psychology , Hearing/physiology , Peer Group , Deafness/physiopathology , Hearing Loss/physiopathology , Humans , Social Skills
3.
Br J Psychiatry ; 179: 97-103, 2001 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11483469

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The sequelae of profound early privation are varied. AIMS: To delineate the behavioural patterns that are specifically associated with institutional privation. METHOD: A group of 165 children adopted from Romania before the age of 42 months were compared at 4 years and 6 years with 52 non-deprived UK children adopted in infancy. Dysfunction was assessed for seven domains of functioning. The groups were compared on which, and how many, domains were impaired. RESULTS: Attachment problems, inattention/overactivity, quasi-autistic features and cognitive impairment were associated with institutional privation, but emotional difficulties, poor peer relationships and conduct problems were not. Nevertheless, one-fifth of children who spent the longest time in institutions showed normal functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Attachment disorder behaviours, inattention/overactivity and quasi-autistic behaviour constitute institutional privation patterns.


Subject(s)
Child Behavior Disorders/etiology , Child, Institutionalized/psychology , Psychosocial Deprivation , Adoption/ethnology , Adoption/psychology , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Child Behavior Disorders/ethnology , Child, Preschool , Cluster Analysis , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Romania/ethnology , United Kingdom
4.
J Abnorm Child Psychol ; 29(6): 513-28, 2001 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11761285

ABSTRACT

Elevated rates of attention deficit and overactivity have been noted previously in samples of institution-reared children. This study examined the hypothesis that inattention/overactivity(I/O) might constitute a specific deprivation syndrome. One hundred and sixty five children adopted at varying ages (e.g., 0-42 months of age) into the UK following severe early deprivation were compared with 52 within-UK adoptees who did not suffer deprivation. The children were rated by teachers and parents on levels of I/O, conduct difficulties, and emotional difficulties using the Revised Rutter Scales. Data were collected at age 6 for the entire sample and at age 4 for the UK adoptees and for the subsample of Romanian children who entered the UK before the age of 2 years. Mean level analyses suggested a significant effect of duration of deprivation on I/O, but not on conduct or emotional difficulties. The effects of duration of deprivation were specific to I/O and were not accounted for by low birth weight, malnutrition, or cognitive impairment. Levels of I/O correlated with attachment disturbances. Furthermore, the effects of duration of deprivation on I/O did not attenuate over time. We conclude that I/O may well constitute an institutional deprivation syndrome, but that the type of attention deficit and overactivity exhibited by these children may present a different clinical picture from that of "ordinary" varieties of attention deficit disorder or hyperkinetic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Child, Institutionalized/psychology , Psychosocial Deprivation , Adoption/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , England , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Reactive Attachment Disorder/psychology , Romania/ethnology , Syndrome
5.
Child Dev ; 71(2): 376-90, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10834471

ABSTRACT

The current study extends previous research on a sample of children adopted into the United Kingdom following severe early deprivation and a comparison sample of nondeprived, within-country, early adoptees. We assessed 165 children adopted from Romania and 52 U.K. adoptees at age 6 years. Longitudinal data (at age 4 and 6 years) were available on 111 Romanian adoptees placed into U.K. homes before 24 months of age and on all U.K. adoptees. Results indicated that there was considerable catch-up among late-placed Romanian children from entry into the United Kingdom to age 6, but as a group they exhibited lower cognitive scores and general developmental impairment compared with earlier adopted Romanian children. In addition, the resilience suggested at the assessment at age 4 years was maintained longitudinally, but there was no further evidence of catch-up or recovery.


Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Social Environment , Anthropometry , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male
6.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry ; 40(4): 537-49, 1999 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10357161

ABSTRACT

Six per cent of child in a sample of 111 children who were adopted into U.K. families from Romania, and who were systematically assessed at the ages of 4 and 6 years, showed autistic-like patterns of behaviour. A further 6% showed milder (usually isolated) autistic features. Such autistic characteristics were not found in a similarly studied sample of 52 children adopted in the first 6 months of life within the U.K. The children from Romania with autistic patterns showed clinical features closely similar to "ordinary" autism at 4 years but they differed with respect to the improvement seen by age 6 years, to an equal sex ratio, and to a normal head circumference. The children from Romania with autistic features tended to differ from the other Romanian adoptees with respect to a greater degree of cognitive impairment and a longer duration of severe psychological privation.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/etiology , Child Development , Child, Institutionalized/psychology , Institutionalization , Orphanages , Psychosocial Deprivation , Adoption , Analysis of Variance , Autistic Disorder/classification , Autistic Disorder/epidemiology , Behavioral Symptoms/classification , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Infant , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Prevalence , Romania/ethnology , Sampling Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Social Behavior , Time Factors , United Kingdom/epidemiology
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