Subject(s)
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune , Recurrence , Stomatitis, Aphthous , Thrombocytopenia , Humans , Stomatitis, Aphthous/diagnosis , Stomatitis, Aphthous/pathology , Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/complications , Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/complications , Female , Male , AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic type 2 inflammatory skin disease, typically starting in infancy, with increased risk for subsequent extracutaneous atopic morbidities. Dupilumab is the first biologic agent targeting type 2 inflammation approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA); it was licensed in 2017 for adults with moderate to severe AD and 2 years later for adolescents. Systemic treatment for pediatric AD remains a significant unmet medical need. OBJECTIVE: To analyze off-label use of dupilumab in children with AD. METHODS: Multicenter retrospective review that evaluated children who were prescribed dupilumab for moderate to severe AD. RESULTS: One hundred eleven of 124 patients (89.5%) gained access to dupilumab after a mean of 9 weeks. The dosing range was 4 to 15.5 mg/kg for the loading dose and 2.0 to 15.3 mg/kg every other week for maintenance. The range was widest for 6- to 11-year-olds and was related to use of either full or half of adult dosing. Associated morbidities, treatment response, and adverse events were comparable to those in previous adolescent and adult trials. LIMITATIONS: The retrospective design of the study limited uniform data collection. CONCLUSION: Access to dupilumab was achievable for the majority of children after a mean 9-week delay because of insurance payment denial. This review supports dupilumab response and tolerability in children. Optimal dosing for patients younger than 12 years has not been defined. Availability of the drug in 2 different concentrations is an important safety issue.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy , Off-Label Use/statistics & numerical data , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of several severe skin diseases seen in children. RECENT FINDINGS: Several articles published recently added significantly to our understanding of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), eczema herpeticum, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and inherited ichthyosis. A review of 60 patients with DRESS showed 80% with hepatic involvement, 40% with renal involvement, 33% with pulmonary involvement and 50% with hematologic abnormalities. A review on eczema herpeticum describes several clinical scenarios in which it is vital to keep that diagnosis in mind. Another review on severe staphylococcal skin infections reminds us of the importance of covering for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in all such cases until cultures and sensitivities show otherwise. The results of an international consensus conference on ichthyosis published this year will help all of us to better characterize these complicated patients. Additionally, the first case of hypothyroidism associated with a collodion baby was reported, as was the finding of an increased incidence of atypical nevi in patients with inherited ichthyosis. SUMMARY: Although all of the conditions discussed in this article are relatively rare, it is important that they be kept on the differential diagnosis for sick infants and children with cutaneous findings, as early diagnosis and treatment of some of these conditions can be life saving.
Subject(s)
Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Skin Diseases/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Eruptions/diagnosis , Drug Eruptions/therapy , Emergencies , Humans , Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital/diagnosis , Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption/diagnosis , Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome/drug therapySubject(s)
Hidradenitis Suppurativa/diagnosis , Perineum/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology , Child , Cicatrix/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Hidradenitis Suppurativa/microbiology , Hidradenitis Suppurativa/therapy , Humans , Inflammation , Skin Neoplasms/etiologySubject(s)
Autoantibodies/immunology , Histones/immunology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/chemically induced , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Autoantibodies/analysis , Female , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology , Male , Mass Screening/methods , Retrospective Studies , Sampling Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Atrophic dermatofibroma is an uncommon variant of dermatofibroma. It lacks the classic clinical features of a dermatofibroma and is often misdiagnosed. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and histologic features of atrophic dermatofibroma. METHODS: Case report and review of the literature. RESULTS: A 45-year-old white woman was found to have a 7 mm x 5 mm atrophic, depressed lesion in the right axilla. A clinical diagnosis of anetoderma was made and the lesion was excised with minimal margins. Histopathologic examination revealed findings consistent with dermatofibroma. However, focal CD34 staining and involvement of superficial subcutaneous tissue raised concern regarding an early dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans developing in a dermatofibroma. The patient underwent Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for definitive treatment. The final diagnosis is thought to be atrophic dermatofibroma. Reported cases in the English language literature are reviewed and the clinical and histopathologic findings are described. CONCLUSION: Atrophic dermatofibroma is a well-described, yet uncommon, variant of dermatofibroma. It is often clinically misdiagnosed, and histopathologic evaluation can be misleading. The clinician and pathologist should consider this diagnosis in the evaluation of atrophic, depressed lesions.
