Changes in the Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life of Thai patients with oral lichen planus after topical corticosteroid treatment: a 1-month longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that affects many patients' daily living activities. Topical corticosteroids are the first-line drug for treating OLP. The Oral Impact on Daily Performances index (OIDP) is an Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measure developed to assess the ultimate impacts. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical, pain and OHRQoL responses after treating OLP patients with topical corticosteroids for 1 month, and secondly to assess the relationships of changes in the clinical sign score, pain score, and OHRQoL. METHODS: Seventy-two OLP patients were treated by topical corticosteroids based on their dentists' clinical judgments. Clinical and patient-based outcomes were assessed at baseline and follow-up visit. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by the highest and total Thongprasom sign score. Patient-based outcomes were evaluated by numeric rating scale (NRS) and OIDP. The self-rated overall changes in quality of life during the 1-month treatment period using the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) were also recorded at the follow-up visit. RESULTS: This study comprised 59 women and 13 men. All clinical and patient-based outcomes were significantly reduced after 1-month treatment with topical corticosteroids (P < 0.01). The most commonly affected activities were Emotional stability, followed by Eating and Cleaning the oral cavity. Forty-six percent reported the same or up to moderately improved, while 54% had a greatly improved quality of life as assessed by PGIC. There were no significant differences in the improvement of clinical and patient-based outcomes between these groups. There were significant relationships between the differences in the highest Thongprasom sign score and the differences in total Thongprasom sign score (r = 0.293; P < 0.05), and the differences in total OIDP percentage score and the difference in pain score (r = 0.427; P < 0.001). The differences in the total Thongprasom sign score also significantly related to the difference in the total OIDP percentage score (r = 0.335; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Topical corticosteroids were significantly effective after 1-month treatment of OLP based on the clinical and patient-based outcomes. The OHRQoL improvement was significantly related to the reductions in pain and clinical severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR identifier: TCTR 20221110001).

Impact of oral diseases on 12- and 15-year-old children's quality of life: condition-specific oral health related quality of life analysis.

BACKGROUND: Oral diseases can affect children's quality of life. The aim of the present study was to assess the Condition-Specific (CS) impacts from oral diseases in 12- and 15-year-old Thai population using data from the two consecutive national oral health-related quality of life surveys. METHODS: The oral health-related quality of life surveys were conducted for this study as a part of 6th and 7th national oral health survey. The study sample of 1,066 12- and 815 15-year-olds from 6th national oral health survey; and 556 12- and 351 15-year-olds from 7th national oral health survey were from Bangkok and four regions of Thailand. Oral impacts were assessed by the Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances index for 12- and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances index for 15-year-olds. The overall impacts and CS impacts attributed to oral diseases were calculated. The detailed characteristics of the CS impacts were analyzed. Cochran's Q test and McNemar's test were used to determine the difference between the proportions of CS impacts of caries, gingival diseases, oral lesions, and malocclusion. RESULTS: CS impacts-caries were prevalent for both age, followed by gingival disease and oral lesions. CS impacts-caries were the highest in the intensity and extent for both age groups. CS impacts-caries were significantly higher than those of gingival diseases for eating, speaking, relaxing, emotional state, and studying. CS impacts-gingival disease was significantly higher than caries for cleaning in one survey. CONCLUSIONS: CS impacts-caries were the most prevalent and severe among adolescent. Gingival disease was infrequently related to severe impacts on daily performances.

Thai version of shortened Oral Impact on Daily Performances index for evaluating oral lichen planus patients.

BACKGROUND: Patients' perceptions and Oral Health-related Quality of life (OHRQoL) are important parts of dental treatment in all fields, including oral lichen planus (OLP) patients. A shortened version of the Oral Impact on Daily Performances (OIDP) might be more practical and feasible in clinical setting due to the busy nature of oral medicine clinics and staff availability to conduct the interview for data collection. The aim of the study was to develop a Thai version of shortened OIDP for assessing the OHRQoL in OLP patients. METHODS: Two types of shortened OIDP versions were tested in 69 OLP patients, one comprising the most commonly interfered with daily performances (OIDP-3 and OIDP-2) and another comprising either the highest frequency (OIDP frequency) or severity score (OIDP severity). The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Thongprasom sign score were used to assess oral pain and clinical severity. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients (rs) were used to demonstrate the associations between the shortened and original OIDP, pain, and clinical severity. RESULTS: OIDP-3 (Eating, Cleaning, and Emotional stability) and OIDP-2 (Eating and Emotional stability) were developed. The associations of the original OIDP with OIDP-3 and OIDP-2 (rs = 0.965 and 0.911) were significantly higher than those of the original OIDP with OIDP frequency and OIDP severity (rs = 0.768 and 0.880). The original OIDP, OIDP-3, and OIDP-2 were more significantly associated with pain compared with OIDP frequency and OIDP severity. The association between the clinical severity and oral impacts assessed by the original OIDP, OIDP-3, and OIDP-2 were similar and had higher correlation coefficients compared with those of OIDP frequency and OIDP severity. CONCLUSION: OIDP-3 and OIDP-2 performed more similarly to the original OIDP than OIDP frequency and OIDP severity in assessing the OHRQoL of OLP patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR identifier: TCTR 20190828002).

Association between Clinical Signs of Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Preliminary Study.

Subjective patient's symptoms and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) are recommended to be involved in oral lichen planus (OLP) studies. This study aims to assess the OHRQoL of OLP patients, and their associations with pain and OLP in Thai patients. Sixty-nine patients were interviewed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain perception and Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) index. OLP signs examined included localization, types, number of affected sides and clinical severity using the Thongprasom sign scoring system. There were significant associations (rs = 0.490, p < 0.001) between clinical severity and the intensity of oral impacts as well as pain (rs = 0.298, p = 0.013). The intensity of oral impacts and pain increased according to the increasing OLP clinical severity, except for the white striae lesions (Thongprasom sign score 1). The erosive/ulcerative OLP lesions (Thongprasom sign scores 4 and 5) were the most painful symptom and had the highest degree of oral impacts (p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between the number of affected lesion sides and OHRQoL (p = 0.316) and pain (p = 0.284). OHRQoL was associated with OLP type and clinical severity but not with the number of affected sides.

Condition-Specific Oral Health Impacts in Thai Children and Adolescents: Findings From the National Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Survey.

This study was a part of the 7th National Oral Health Survey of Thailand and aimed to assess overall and condition-specific oral health-related quality of life of 12 and 15 year olds. Oral impacts were assessed using the Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances Index for 12 year olds and the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances index for 15 year olds. Overall oral impacts and condition-specific oral impacts (CS-impacts) were calculated. Detailed characteristics of CS-impacts were analyzed. Seventy-five percent of 12 year olds and 70.1% of 15 year olds had one or more oral impacts. CS-impacts attributed to dental caries were 37.8% and 36.5% for 12 and 15 year olds, respectively, followed by CS-impacts attributed to periodontal diseases and oral lesions. Dental caries was the most important cause of oral impacts. The severe impacts on daily performances of 12 year olds were mainly caused by dental caries, while those of 15 year olds related to dental caries and oral lesions. The majority of Thai children and adolescents experienced oral impacts. CS-impacts attributed to dental caries were most prevalent and most severe.

The Associations of School Oral Health-Related Environments with Oral Health Behaviours and Dental Caries in Children.

Creating supportive oral health-related environments in schools is an important strategy for promoting schoolchildren's oral health. This study determined the associations between school environments and children's oral behaviour and dental caries. The data on school oral health-related environments were obtained through observation and interviews. Oral behaviour and dental caries data were collected through interviews and oral examinations of 984 sixth grade children. χ2 and multiple logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and economic status, other school environment variables, and oral behaviour were used. Providing fresh fruit with school meals was associated with low sweets consumption and low caries levels. Children's daily sweets consumption was positively associated with sweetened milk sales in schools. Selling sweetened beverages, including sweetened milk, sweetened drinks, and soft drinks, was associated with high caries levels, while selling meat and crispy packed snacks was associated with low caries levels. Children in schools with integrated oral health education were significantly more likely to brush their teeth twice a day and to brush after lunch. In conclusion, school oral health-related environments, especially available food choices, were associated with sweets consumption behaviour and caries levels. Children in schools with integrated oral health education had better brushing habits.

Oral diseases associated with condition-specific oral health-related quality of life and school performance of Thai primary school children: A hierarchical approach.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the hierarchical associations between children's school performance and condition-specific (CS) oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), school absence, oral status, sociodemographic and economic status (SDES) and social capital; and to investigate the associations between CS OHRQoL and related oral status, adjusting for SDES and social capital. METHODS: Data on 925 sixth grade children in Sakaeo province, Thailand, were collected through oral examinations for dental caries and oral hygiene, social capital questionnaires, OHRQoL interviews using the Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances index, parental self-administered questionnaires and school documents. A hierarchical conceptual framework was developed, and independent variables were hierarchically entered into multiple logistic models for CS OHRQoL and linear regression models for school performance. RESULTS: After adjusting for SDES and social capital, children with high DMFT or DT scores were significantly threefold more likely to have CS impacts attributed to dental caries. However, poor oral hygiene was not significantly associated with CS impacts attributed to gingival disease. High DMFT scores were significantly associated with lower school performance, whereas high Simplified Oral Hygiene Index scores were not. The final model showed that CS impacts attributed to dental caries and school absence accounted for the association between DMFT score and school performance. CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries was associated with CS impacts on OHRQoL, and exerted its effect on school performance through the CS impacts and school absence. There was no association between oral hygiene and CS impacts on OHRQoL or school performance.

Patient-based outcomes following surgical implant placements.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the postoperative oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), pain and swelling after surgical implant placement and to investigate their association with socio-demographic and clinical variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 85 partial edentulous patients requiring implant-supported fixed prostheses were enrolled. Standard surgical practice for implant placement was employed. Interviews were conducted to assess the OHRQoL based on the oral impact on daily performances (OIDP) index preoperatively as well as 2 weeks and 1 month postoperatively in addition to the degree of pain and swelling at 2 weeks postoperatively. The socio-demographic and clinical variables of interest were also assessed. RESULTS: Patient's OHRQoL was reduced at 2 weeks followed by a return to baseline levels 1 month postoperatively. The median OIDP scores were 5.0, 12.0 and 3.5 preoperatively, 2 weeks and 1 month postoperatively, respectively. Eating and teeth cleaning were affected after surgery. Overall, 50.6% of the patients perceived no to mild pain, whereas 36.5%, 49.4% and 14.1% reported no, localized or extensive facial swelling, respectively. No association was found between pain and any variable, but anterior implantation and bone augmentation were more commonly associated with facial swelling. Oral health-related quality of life worsened in patients with more pain or facial swelling as well as in cases involving multiple implant placement or bone augmentation procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health-related quality of life deteriorated shortly after surgery based on eating and teeth cleaning difficulties. A high degree of pain, extensive swelling, multiple implant placement and bone augmentation procedures were all associated with oral impacts.

Oral health-related quality of life and esthetic outcome in single anterior maxillary implants.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is twofold: to assess the esthetic outcome of single dental implant restorations in the anterior maxillary area after up to 3 years of function, and to evaluate the relationship between the esthetic outcome and oral health-related quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients who were treated with an anterior maxillary single implant restoration were recalled for esthetic outcome evaluation using pink and white esthetic scores (PES/WES). All patients completed a questionnaire regarding satisfaction of treatment outcome and quality of life related to the implant restorations. Patient satisfaction was assessed by visual analog scales (VAS) analysis, whereas oral impact on daily life performances (OIDP) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients. RESULTS: The esthetic outcome assessed by PES/WES showed favorable results. The median PES/WES scores were 16.00 (maximum possible score = 20). The median PES scores and WES scores were 7.50 and 8.00, respectively. Patient satisfaction rated in VAS scale ranged from 8 to 10. OIDP assessment showed an impact on daily life performance in 45% of patients. The most common impacts were eating (n = 5) and cleaning teeth (n = 4). No significant difference in PES/WES scores was found between the patients who perceived and did not perceive oral impacts. CONCLUSIONS: There was some discrepancy between the dentist's evaluation and patient's perception but a strong positive satisfaction was reported from all patients which let suppose that the psychosocial factors that involve patient's perspective should be further investigated.

Associations between perceived needs for dental treatment, oral health-related quality of life and oral diseases in school-aged Thai children.

OBJECTIVES: To assess perceived needs for dental treatment (PNDT), oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and oral diseases in a Thai school-aged national representative sample. In addition, relationships between PNDT and various aspects of OHRQoL, different levels of oral diseases as well as sociodemographic characteristics were assessed. METHODS: Study sample was a subsample of Sixth Thailand National Oral Health Survey. Data were collected on 1063 12-year-olds and 811 15-year-olds through oral examinations, interviews on PNDT and OHRQoL, using Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) or Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) indices and questionnaires containing questions on sociodemographic information. RESULTS: Prevalence rates of PNDT were 60.4% in 12-year-olds and 67.6% in 15-year-olds. PNDT were highly associated with OHRQoL with significant odds ratios that increased incrementally by the intensity of oral impacts. Oral impacts on eating, emotional stability and smiling and those attributed specifically to dental caries, periodontal diseases, malocclusion and tooth discolouration were associated with PNDT. The chances of having PNDT increased by number of untreated decayed teeth. Periodontal disease was associated with PNDT only when occurring to a great extent. Boys and children in some regional rural areas were less likely than girls and those living in Bangkok to have PNDT. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived needs for dental treatment were common and highly associated with levels of oral impacts, specifically impacts on eating, emotional stability and smiling performances. PNDT were also related to number of untreated decayed teeth, a great extent of periodontal disease, sex and geographical region.

Disparities in early childhood caries and its impact on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children.

This study aimed to investigate the caries experience and its impact on preschool children's quality of life and the associations between these outcomes and underlying determinants. A survey was conducted on 5- to 6-year-old children (503 in all) in Bangkok who were orally examined and interviewed on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). In addition, behavioral questionnaires were sent to parents. Associations between determinants and oral health outcomes were tested through logistic regression. It was found that 28% of children experienced high-level impacts on quality of life, mostly dental pain (58.3%) and eating difficulties (45.9%). Children of low socioeconomic status were more likely to have a high level of dental caries and subsequent OHRQoL impact. Oral status was related to oral behaviors and OHRQoL. Social disparities in preschool children's OHRQoL were identified.

Which aspects of an oral health-related quality of life measure are mainly associated with global ratings of oral health in children?

OBJECTIVES: To assess the associations of global subjective ratings of oral health with different aspects of an oral health-related quality of life measure, namely total Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) and Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) scores, extent and intensity of oral impacts, the different performance scores and oral impacts attributed to certain groups of oral conditions. METHODS: This study was part of the Sixth Thailand National Oral Health Survey. One thousand and sixty-six 12-year-olds and 815 15-year-olds were interviewed on their OHRQoL using Child-OIDP and OIDP indices, respectively, and rated their overall oral problems on 3-point and 5-point scales, respectively. Associations of global rating of oral health with different Child-OIDP/OIDP outcome variables were estimated using Spearman's rank correlations and logistic regressions. RESULTS: Child-OIDP/OIDP scores were significantly associated with global ratings. Intensity was associated with global ratings, whereas extent was not. Impacts of 'very little' intensity were associated with a slightly higher chance of having poorer oral health perceptions. Global ratings were associated most with oral impacts attributed to dental caries, but not with the impacts related to natural process, such as eruption. Eating, cleaning teeth, emotional stability and smiling, plus social contact in 15-year-olds were performances associated with global ratings. Fifteen-year-old girls were more likely to perceive more oral problems than boys. CONCLUSIONS: Associations of global ratings of oral health with Child-OIDP/OIDP scores were mainly due to the intensity of impacts. Global ratings were related to multidimensional aspects of children's quality of life.

School absence due to toothache associated with sociodemographic factors, dental caries status, and oral health-related quality of life in 12- and 15-year-old Thai children.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to assess prevalence and extent of school absence due to toothache, dental caries, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in a subsample of the Thailand national oral health survey. In addition, associations of school absence as the outcome variable with explanatory behavioral and sociodemographic variables, dental caries, and OHRQoL were investigated. METHODS: Study sample was half of the Sixth Thailand National Oral Health Survey sample (1,063 12-year-old and 811 15-year-old children). Children were orally examined and interviewed about OHRQoL using the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances or the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances indices. Children completed a sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaire on school absence due to toothache in current semester. RESULTS: Over a 3-month period, 5.1 percent of 12- and 4.4 percent of 15-year-olds absented themselves from school due to toothache. The number of days absent in 12-year-olds was significantly higher than in 15-year-olds. For 12-year-olds, OHRQoL and toothache were significantly associated with school absence. Severe dental decay was the main dental factor related to school absence but not significantly associated with school absence in the adjusted analyses. Children in lower school grades and those who received dental treatment in current semester were more likely to miss school compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: About one in 20 of Thai school-aged children reported missing school due to toothache. School absence due to toothache was inversely associated with the current year of study and positively with recently receiving dental treatment and with OHRQoL and toothache in 12-year-olds.

Using associations between oral diseases and oral health-related quality of life in a nationally representative sample to propose oral health goals for 12-year-old children in Thailand.

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to assess the associations between oral diseases and specifically oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a nationally representative sample of 12-year-old children in Thailand in order to classify children according to their levels of risk for adverse OHRQoL and to apply findings to formulate proposals for oral health goals. METHODS: Oral examinations and OHRQoL interviews using the Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) schedule were conducted in 1,100 children as part of the Thailand National Oral Health Survey. The severity of oral impacts was categorised according to their 'intensity'. Associations of oral diseases and condition-specific (CS) OHRQoL impacts were investigated. RESULTS: Oral impacts were prevalent. Most were of low intensity; these were excluded from the analysis used to develop goals. At the threshold of moderate/high intensity, CS impacts attributable to dental caries, edentulous areas, periodontal disease and discolouration were reported by 18.5%, 0.2%, 8.7% and 2.6% of participants, respectively. Missing teeth was significantly related to CS impacts. Condition-specific impacts were 1.6 times and three to four times more likely to affect children with one decayed tooth and two or more decayed teeth, respectively. Children with gingivitis or calculus in three or more sextants were twice as likely and children with calculus and gingivitis in three or more sextants were 3.5 times more likely to report CS impacts. Based on these findings, these recommendations are proposed: all 12-year-old children should have fewer than two untreated decayed teeth; 60% of 12-year-old children should not have periodontal disease in any form in more than two sextants, and the proportion of 12-year-old children with calculus with gingivitis in three or more sextants should not exceed 5%. CONCLUSIONS: Measures of oral health and goals for oral health in children should include measures of OHRQoL.

Setting oral health goals that include oral health-related quality of life measures: a study carried out among adolescents in Thailand.

The aim of this study was to assess the association between oral diseases and condition-specific oral health-related quality of life (CS-OHRQoL) as a basis for proposing OHRQoL-based goals for the population of 15-year-olds in Thailand. Oral examinations and OHRQoL interviews were conducted with 871 15-year-olds as part of the Sixth Thailand National Oral Health Survey. The severity of oral impacts was categorized using "intensity". Associations between oral diseases and CS-OHRQoL were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. Thirty-nine percent of 15-year-olds experienced moderate/higher levels oral impacts on quality of life. Compared to those individuals with no tooth decay, adolescents with one or four or more decaying teeth were three and seven times more likely to experience moderate/higher impacts, respectively. Adolescents with extensive gingivitis in 3 or more mouth sextants were twice as likely to experience moderate/higher CS-impacts. Based on these findings, it is proposed that goals should focus on untreated decaying teeth and extensive gingivitis. Oral health goals for 15-year-olds should include specific OHRQoL measures.

Setting oral health goals that include oral health-related quality of life measures: a study carried out among adolescents in Thailand / Incorporação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em metas de saúde bucal: estudo conduzido em adolescentes tailandeses

The aim of this study was to assess the association between oral diseases and condition-specific oral health-related quality of life (CS-OHRQoL) as a basis for proposing OHRQoL-based goals for the population of 15-year-olds in Thailand. Oral examinations and OHRQoL interviews were conducted with 871 15-year-olds as part of the Sixth Thailand National Oral Health Survey. The severity of oral impacts was categorized using "intensity". Associations between oral diseases and CS-OHRQoL were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. Thirty-nine percent of 15-year-olds experienced moderate/higher levels oral impacts on quality of life. Compared to those individuals with no tooth decay, adolescents with one or four or more decaying teeth were three and seven times more likely to experience moderate/higher impacts, respectively. Adolescents with extensive gingivitis in 3 or more mouth sextants were twice as likely to experience moderate/higher CS-impacts. Based on these findings, it is proposed that goals should focus on untreated decaying teeth and extensive gingivitis. Oral health goals for 15-year-olds should include specific OHRQoL measures.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre doença bucal e a condição específica de qualidade de vida associada à saúde bucal (CS-OHRQoL), como base para propor OHRQoL metas para adolescentes tailandeses. Exame clínico bucal e entrevista foram realizados em 871 adolescentes na faixa etária de 15 anos, como parte da 6ª Pesquisa Nacional Tailandesa de Saúde Bucal. A severidade do impacto bucal foi categorizada usando-se a "intensidade". A associação entre doença bucal e CS-OHRQoL foi investigada usando-se o teste qui-quadrado e regressão lógica. Trinta e nove por cento da amostra reportaram impactos bucais de grau moderado/elevado. A probabilidade de reportar um impacto bucal de grau moderado/elevado dos adolescentes com um dente cariado e aqueles com 4 ou mais foi 3 e 7 vezes maior, respectivamente, quando comparada à dos adolescentes sem dentes cariados. A presença de gengivite severa em 3 ou mais sextantes dobrou a probabilidade de ocorrência do CS-impacto de grau moderado/elevado. Metas de saúde bucal para adolescentes devem incluir instrumentos específicos de OHRQoL.

Relationships between oral diseases and impacts on Thai schoolchildren's quality of life: evidence from a Thai national oral health survey of 12- and 15-year-olds.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the associations between oral disease and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a nationally representative sample of 12- and 15-year-old Thai populations. METHODS: The study was part of Thailand National Oral Health Survey. Data on oral diseases using WHO criteria and OHRQoL using the Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) for 12-year-olds and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) indexes for 15-year-olds were collected from 1063 12-year-olds and 811 15-year-olds. The associations of oral diseases and OHRQoL and perceived dental need were investigated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of 81.7% of 12-year-olds and 83.2% of 15-year-olds had impacts on OHRQoL. For both age groups, gingivitis was the most common oral disease (79.3% in 12-year-olds, 81.5% in 15-year-olds). Oral impacts were significantly associated with high levels of untreated decay. Perceived dental needs were significantly associated with untreated decay and extensive gingivitis for both age groups, and with calculus for 12-year-olds. Having decayed teeth was statistically associated with impacts on relaxing, emotion and study for both age groups. Gingivitis and calculus were significantly associated with impacts on smiling, study and social contact in 12-year-olds, and with impacts on smiling in 15-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: Gingivitis was the most common oral disease whereas dental caries affected children's quality of life most. Dental caries impacted on various daily life performances while gingivitis and calculus related to psychosocial aspects in 12-year-olds.

The impacts of gingivitis and calculus on Thai children's quality of life.

AIM: To assess associations of socio-demographic, behavioural and the extent of gingivitis and calculus with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in nationally representative samples of 12- and 15-year-old Thai children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the Thailand National Oral Health Survey, 1,063 twelve-year olds and 811 fifteen-year olds were clinically examined and interviewed for OHRQoL using the Child-OIDP and OIDP indices, respectively, and completed a behavioural questionnaire. We assessed associations of condition-specific impacts (CS-impacts) with gingivitis and calculus, adjusted for socio-demographic and behavioural factors. RESULTS: Gingivitis and calculus were highly prevalent: 79.3% in 12-year and 81.5% in 15-year olds. CS-impacts relating to calculus and/or gingivitis were reported by 26.0% of 12-year and 29.6% of 15-year olds. Except for calculus without gingivitis, calculus and/or gingivitis in any form was significantly related to any level of CS-impacts. At a moderate or higher level of CS-impacts, there were significant relationships with extensive calculus and/or gingivitis in 12-year olds and for extensive gingivitis and gingivitis without calculus in 15-year olds. CONCLUSIONS: Gingivitis was generally associated with any level of CS-impacts attributed to calculus and/or gingivitis. CS-impacts were related more to gingivitis than to calculus.

Impacts of recurrent aphthous stomatitis on quality of life of 12- and 15-year-old Thai children.

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of oral impacts attributed to recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) in 12- and 15-year-olds Thais. METHODS: A national oral health survey was conducted. Child-OIDP and OIDP indices were used to collect oral impacts in 1,100 12- and 871 15 year olds. RESULTS: RAS-related impacts were reported in 24.7% of 12 and 36.2% of 15 year olds. Girls were more likely than boys to report RAS-related impacts. Among all perceived causes of oral impacts, RAS ranked second for 12 and first for 15 year olds. Among 12 and 15 years olds, 79.8 and 86.8% respectively had impacts on eating, 81.0 and 84.4% on cleaning teeth and 51.7 and 60.3% on emotional stability. For individual children, impacts affected between 1-6 daily performances. Impacts were of 'little' and 'moderate' intensity for 12 and 15 year olds, respectively. RAS-related impacts occurred mostly in combination with impacts from other oral conditions. Combined with other oral conditions, the impacts were worse, in terms of score, intensity and extent, than when RAS occurred alone. CONCLUSIONS: RAS-related impacts were common in 12- and 15-year-old Thai children and mostly affected eating, cleaning teeth and emotional stability. RAS tended to occur with other conditions leading to more severe, more extensive impacts on quality of life.

Oral health-related quality of life of 12- and 15-year-old Thai children: findings from a national survey.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of oral impacts on daily life, and the relationship between certain dental conditions and impacts attributed to them, in a nationally representative population of Thai school children aged 12 and 15 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on a representative sample of children in Sixth Thailand National Oral Health Survey. Sample included half the children aged 12- and 15-year-old selected in Bangkok and all participants in 8 of 16 provinces included in national survey. Children were individually interviewed using the Child-OIDP (12-year-old) and OIDP indices (15-year-old), and two questions for overall subjective assessments. RESULTS: A total of 1066 12-year-olds and 815 15-year-olds were interviewed. Some 85.2% of 12-year-olds reported experiencing oral impacts during the past 3 months. Child-OIDP scores ranged from 0 to 68.0 (mean = 7.83, SD = 7.8). Eating was the most commonly affected performance (64.4%), followed by cleaning teeth (51.7%) and maintaining emotional state (49.1%). Among 15-year-old children, 83.3% had oral impacts during the past 6 months. OIDP scores ranged from 0 to 39.5 (mean = 5.47, SD = 6.0). The three most commonly affected performances were eating (64.0%), cleaning teeth (55.3%) and maintaining emotional state (53.1%). Toothache and oral ulcers were the two most important perceived causes in 12-year-olds. Impacts from toothache were the most prevalent (39.2%) and had a condition-specific (CS) Child-OIDP score of 7.0, while oral ulcers affected 24.7% of children; mean CS-score of 8.0. Among 15-year-olds, oral ulcers ranked first in terms of both prevalence (36.2%) and CS-score (6.0), followed by toothache (prevalence 33.9% and CS-score 5.0). For both age groups, problems with gums were of less concern. CONCLUSIONS: Oral impacts were common but not severe in Thai children and adolescents. For both age groups, impacts were mostly on eating performance; toothache and oral ulcers were the two important perceived causes reflecting needs for oral health promotion and treatment of dental caries and oral ulcers.