ABSTRACT
In the field of quantitative microscopy, textural information plays a significant role very often in tissue characterization and diagnosis, in addition to morphology and intensity. The objective of this work is to improve the classification accuracy based on textural features for the development of a computer assisted screening of oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSF). In fact, the approach introduced is used to grade the histopathological tissue sections into normal, OSF without dysplasia (OSFWD) and OSF with dysplasia (OSFD), which would help the oral onco-pathologists to screen the subjects rapidly. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the use of Higher Order Spectra (HOS) features and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features extracted from the epithelial layer in classifying normal, OSFWD and OSFD. For this purpose, we extracted twenty three HOS features and nine LBP features and fed them to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) for automated diagnosis. One hundred and fifty eight images (90 normal, 42 OSFWD and 26 OSFD images) were used for analysis. LBP features provide a good sensitivity of 82.85% and specificity of 87.84%, and the HOS features provide higher values of sensitivity (94.07%) and specificity (93.33%) using SVM classifier. The proposed system, can be used as an adjunct tool by the onco-pathologists to cross-check their diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Oral Submucous Fibrosis/diagnosis , Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis , Analysis of Variance , Biopsy , Cytodiagnosis/methods , Fourier Analysis , Humans , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Oral Submucous Fibrosis/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Support Vector MachineSubject(s)
Frontal Bone/pathology , Hemangioma, Cavernous/pathology , Skull Neoplasms/pathology , Adolescent , Female , Frontal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Frontal Bone/surgery , Hemangioma, Cavernous/diagnostic imaging , Hemangioma, Cavernous/surgery , Humans , Radiography , Skull Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Skull Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Tracheal tears are not as uncommon as initially thought. The resultant insufficiency and hypoxia can be life-threatening. The keystone in management is early recognition and diagnosis. Immediate surgical repair is essential.
Subject(s)
Esophagus/surgery , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Stomach/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Trachea/injuries , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Trachea/surgery , Tracheostomy , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Wounds and Injuries/surgeryABSTRACT
Congenital branchial fistula and their embryology is well described in the literature. The accepted standard treatment method includes stepladder excision for extensive fistulas. This paper presents two cases (Case 1 and 2) which are embryologically typical of second and third arch origin respectively; and a third case (Case 3) which has not been previously described. Case 3 appears to be a hitherto unreported combination of first and second arch origin. Case 1 and 2 were treated via a standard stepladder excision approach. A different newer approach was utilised in Case 3, that is, stripping of the fistulous tract with Myer's vein stripper. Unlike the stepladder approach, this is simple and avoids extensive time consuming dissection. However, being a blind procedure, it is not generally advocated if vital structures exist in the proximity.
Subject(s)
Branchioma/diagnosis , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Branchioma/diagnostic imaging , Branchioma/surgery , Child, Preschool , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Humans , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
Locally advanced or recurrent carcinoma of the breast poses difficult management problems. These fungating and discharging tumours severely impair the quality of life in these unfortunate patients. We report two cases successfully treated with omental transposition flaps and split skin grafts. The operation is described in detail and the results discussed. This technique was found to be safe, effective and rewarding.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma/surgery , Omentum/surgery , Skin Transplantation , Surgical Flaps/methods , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
A 31-year old male presented with bone pain, polyuria and a palpable nodule in the neck. Radiological examination showed generalised osteopenia, subperiosteal erosion and presence of bilateral renal stones. The essential chemical pathological changes were increased plasma calcium, mid-molecule immuno-reactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels. Surgical excision of the nodule revealed a parathyroid carcinoma. The uniqueness of this case is the steroid-suppressible plasma calcium, iPTH, and hCG levels. The diagnostic implications of the findings are discussed.
Subject(s)
Calcium/blood , Chorionic Gonadotropin/analysis , Parathyroid Hormone/analysis , Parathyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
A study of ocular changes in reactions in leprosy was undertaken to assign these changes, their proper place in the wide spectrum of ocular morbidity in leprosy. 76.1% of eyes of Type I reaction and 89.7% of eyes with Type II reaction showed some ocular involvement. Corneal hypoaesthesia, superficial punctate keratitis, a decrease of corneal film break up time (BUT), prominent corneal nerves, pigment on the endothelium of the cornea and a pigmented trabecular meshwork were the common ocular findings. The incidence of iridocyclitis in Type II reactions was low (8.1%). The significance of the ocular involvement in reactions in leprosy and the pathogenesis of iridocyclitis in Type II reactions is discussed.
Subject(s)
Eye Diseases/etiology , Leprosy, Borderline/complications , Leprosy, Lepromatous/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Erythema Nodosum/etiology , Female , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/etiology , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A rare case of hepatic hydatidosis in non-endemic Malaysia is reported. It is important that clinicians treating the occasional patient be familiar with current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
Subject(s)
Echinococcosis, Hepatic/diagnosis , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/surgery , Female , Humans , Malaysia , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographySubject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Jejunal Neoplasms , Tonsillar Neoplasms/secondary , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Four cases of anorectal melanoma are presented. The authors believe that this is the first report of the occurrence of this tumour in Malays. Advanced disease at initial presentation accounts for the poor prognosis observed in this series. Surgery remains the principal treatment modality, although controversy exists regarding optimal extent of resection.
Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms/ethnology , Melanoma/ethnology , Rectal Neoplasms/ethnology , Adult , Aged , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Malaysia , Male , Melanoma/pathology , Middle Aged , Rectal Neoplasms/pathologySubject(s)
Intensive Care Units , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Length of Stay , Malaysia , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Organ Failure , Postoperative Complications , Prognosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
A rare case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma involving the whole eye is reported in an Oriental 60-year-old man. Six months' follow-up after exenteration did not show any evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases.
Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Esophageal Neoplasms , Skin Neoplasms/secondary , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Anterior Eye Segment , Cornea/pathology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A rare case of diverticulum of the lacrimal sac associated with rhinosporidiosis is reported. The clinical presentation and possible pathogenesis are discussed.
Subject(s)
Diverticulum/complications , Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/complications , Rhinosporidiosis/complications , Adult , Diverticulum/pathology , Female , Humans , Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/pathology , Rhinosporidiosis/pathologySubject(s)
Kidney/abnormalities , Adult , Female , Humans , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Eyelid Diseases/diagnosis , Molluscum Contagiosum/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Keratoconjunctivitis/diagnosis , MaleABSTRACT
A prospective controlled trial of topical 0.1% dexamethasone drops was undertaken with the purpose of determining its efficacy in the prevention of aphakic macular edema. Of the 56 eyes studied specifically at the second and sixth postoperative weeks, none of the 28 in the steroid group showed macular edema, whereas the incidence in the nonsteroid group was 17.1% (P less than .01). The study highlights the role of steroids in reducing the incidence of postoperative macular as well as corneal edema. On the basis of earlier evidence and our observations on the conjunctival hyperfluorescence, the hypothesis for the genesis of macular edema has been modified.
