Valorization of agro-wastes for the biosynthesis and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate by Bacillus sp. isolated from rice bran dumping yard.

Investigations have been made to determine the usage of inexpensive agro-waste products as an alternative carbon source for the production of degradable bacterial polyester. Among 33 bacterial isolates, a gram-positive bacterium PPECLRB-16 isolated from rice bran dumping yard was found to accumulate a relatively higher quantity of PHB and identified as Bacillus sp. through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The higher PHB producing bacterial isolate was grown with different inexpensive agro-wastes to determine the suitable carbon source for its growth and PHB production. The one-factor-at-a-time approach comparatively enhanced PHB yield (5.64 g/L) when grown for 48 h with 1.5% (w/v) of defatted oil cake at a pH of 7.0. The bacterially accumulated PHB was isolated from the cells, purified, and characterized using solid-state 13C NMR, FT-IR, Powder XRD, TGA, GPC, Tensile and HR-SEM analyses. The hydrophobicity and printing accessibility of recovered PHB were demonstrated using contact angle measurement by coating on different surfaces. The results obtained in the present investigation have thrown light on the potential usage of agro-waste by-products, mainly oil cake, as an appropriate carbon source for the commercial production of PHB by Bacillus sp. in a cost-effective way.

Statistical augmentation of polyhydroxybutyrate production by Isoptericola variabilis: Characterization, moulding, in vitro cytocompatibility and biodegradability evaluation.

This study aimed to explore the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), which has been widely considered as a potential substitute for the synthetic polymers. Among 53 actinomycete isolates, 11 of them were found to be PHB positive and the quantity of PHB from the positive isolates varied from 10.5 to 29.82 wt% on a dry cell weight basis. A strain designated as PPLAT 012, accumulated relatively higher PHB and has been identified as Isoptericola variabilis by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. An effort has also been made to optimize the PHB production by the hyper-producing strain using the conventional, one-factor-at-a-time, and statistical response surface methodologies and the maximum PHB production (46.18%) in DSMZ medium, amended with 12% glucose and 9% potassium nitrate with a pH of 7.0. Further, the characteristic properties such as processability, cytocompatibility and biodegradability of the extracted PHB was also demonstrated. The physical properties of the recovered PHB was further improved by blending with PLA and the resultant blends were characterized. The present investigation has demonstrated that the isolate, Isoptericola variabilis, could be utilized as a potential source for the production of PHB with desirable characteristics, suitable for biomedical applications.

Vehicular Cloud for Smart Driving Using Internet of Things.

The vehicular cloud can be made more reliable by having minimum number of vehicles and their accessibility of the vehicles in the given lane; in addition reliability can also be made using the function called movement of vehicles. The number of vehicles present in the area determines the task that can be accessed in the area and with the help of travelling time of the vehicles the validity of the lane can be determined. In this paper, a research is carried based on the stochastic investigation on the some of attributes of traffic with the help of cloud in street portion to accept the necessary attribute prototypes. In this paper two types of activity is done, first one is free flow movement of vehicle and second one is queuing- up activity. For the first activity, a noticeable traffic model is used to find the free flow movement of the vehicle and some parameters like activity thickness, living time and quantity of vehicles. In case of second activity queuing up model is used to find queue flow and parameters like length of line and time in the line are found. The research outcome will be given to all peoples in road traffic and traffic is the problem in many developed countries and they can be free from traffic. This model suggests an alternate route for the user which is free from traffic.

Internet of things for knowledge administrations by wearable gadgets.

The novel gadgets are associated constantly at a quick phase for the development of Internet of Things (IoT). Wearable gadgets are another gathering development in those available gadgets. The recent method in gadgets is to coordinate with IoT and idea is implementing the remote sensor systems that convey novel encounters in day by day exercises. Here, I exhibit a regular day to day existence application including a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for gaming situation. By using this, the physical factors of sports person are estimated and directed by wearable gadgets to Wireless Sensor Networks. The end goal to incorporate diverse equipment stages and to present an administration situated semantic middleware arrangement hooked on a solitary request also utilization of Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is introduced as a scaffold to ensure coordination of the distinctive conditions and interoperability. Through proposed method everyone can procure information by introducing framework to fresh client. Those clients would be able to get to the information through a wide assortment of gadgets (cell phones, tablets, and PCs) and working frameworks (Android, Windows, Linux, iOS, and so on). Finally we introduced one case study of football match for monitoring 11 players and acquiring data's and to predict the real time situation in football ground.

Studies on detection and analysis of proteases in leaf extract of medicinally important plants.

ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The whole plant or the extracts obtained from them have long been used as medicine to treat various human diseases and disorders. Notably, those plants endowed with protease activity have been traditionally used as the agents for treating tumors, digestion disorders, swelling, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and also for immune-modulation. AIM OF THE STUDY: Proteases occupy a pivotal position in enzyme based industries. Plant proteases have been increasingly exploited for pharmaceutical, food, leather and textile processing industries. Earlier investigations have focused on the occurrence of proteases in medicinally unimportant plants. Therefore it has been aimed to study the occurrence of proteolytic enzymes from medicinally important plants establish any correlation exists between protease activity and medicinal use of individual plants. METHODS: Crude extract were obtained from the leaves of 80 different medicinal plants. Tris-HCl buffer was used as the extraction buffer and the supernatants obtained were used for determination of total protein and protease activity using spectrophotometric methods. Qualitative screening for the presence of protease was carried out with agar diffusion method by incorporating the substrate. SDS-PAGE was used to analyse the isoforms of protease and for determination of relative molecular mass. RESULTS: Relatively higher protease activities were observed in the extracts of leaves of Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae), Wrightia tinctoria (Apocyanaceae) Acalypha indica (Euphorbiaceae), Adhatoda vasica (Acanthaceae) and Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). No correlation was found between the total protein content and protease activity in individual plant species. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated the presence of multiple forms of protease of higher molecular weight range in several plant species. We found a strong correlation between the protease activity and medicinal application of the plant CONCLUSION: The present study has unequivocally revealed that the leaves of medicinal plants could serve as excellent sources of proteases which could be exploited for various industrial, food and pharmaceutical applications.

Polyhydroxybutyrate by Streptomyces sp.: Production and characterization.

A total number of 20 actinomycetes isolates were isolated from soil sediments obtained from Semmancheri coastal areas of Bay of Bengal, India and they were qualitatively screened for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) on a medium containing Sudan black stain. Nine of the 20 isolates produced PHB and the quantity of PHB produced varied from 1.79 to 4.26g-L. Among the positive isolates an actinomycete isolate which was identified as Streptomyces sp. through 16S rRNA sequencing analysis (Accession No: KF667247) produced relatively higher PHB than other positive isolates. Subsequently, the growth conditions were optimized for the maximum PHB production by the chosen organism. Attempt was also made to utilize natural carbon sources such as paddy straw, wheat bran, rice bran, sugarcane molasses and oil cake for the production of PHB in an attempt to reduce the cost production of PHB. The purified PHB was analyzed by Solid-State 13C NMR, Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic analyses to determine the structure, crystallinity, purity and thermal stability. The present investigation has revealed that Streptomyces sp. could be a potential source for the production of PHB with desirable characteristics and could also be exploited for the industrial production.