Anti-oncogenic Potential and Inflammation Modulatory Response of Green Synthesized Biocompatible Silver Nanoparticles.

This study presents a novel approach to synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using a solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method with Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) leaf extract. The NPs were thoroughly characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Selected area electron diffraction (SAED), elucidating their crystal structure. Notably, the synthesized Ag NPs exhibited a significant dose-dependent decline in viability of the MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 13.3 µg/mL, underscoring their potential as potent anticancer agent. Beyond cytotoxicity, the study pioneers an investigation into the biocompatibility of Ag NPs by blood hemolsysis, providing critical insights into their safety and biomedical applicability. Furthermore, this research uncovers a distinctive facet of Ag NPs, revealing their inhibitory effects on the inflammatory enzyme secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), a recognized biomarker for breast cancer. The demonstrated in vitro and in vivo inhibition of sPLA2 highlights the multifaceted potential of Ag NPs in not only targeting cancer cells but also modulating inflammatory responses associated with breast cancer, positioning the study at the forefront of advancements in nanomedicine and cancer therapeutics.

Corosolic Acid Inhibits Secretory Phospholipase A2IIa as an Anti-Inflammatory Function and Exhibits Anti-Tumor Activity in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice.

Background: Inflammation is generally connected to tumour progression and development. The secretory phospholipase A2IIa (sPLA2IIa) is an important inflammatory enzyme that catalyse the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids into arachidonic and lysophosphatidic acid, which are the precursors for production of a lot of pro-inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and platelet activating factors, which involved in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, investigating safe and effective sPLA2IIa inhibitors as a therapeutic agent to treat cancer is indeed in need. Methods: Anti-inflammatory function of corosolic acid was evaluated by docking it with sPLA2IIa enzyme, sPLA2IIa inhibition, calcium and substrate concentration-dependent assays; intrinsic fluorescence and UV-CD analysis; neutralisation of sPLA2IIa induced indirect hemolytic and edema. Evaluated the anticancer activity of corosolic acid by MTT assays and caspase-3 expression; the anti-tumour activity by EAC-induced cell line and interleukin 6 expression. Results: The corosolic acid inhibits sPLA2IIa activity to 82.21±2.82%. The inhibition was evaluated by increasing calcium from 2.5 to 15 µM and substrate from 20 to 120 nM, it did not affect the level of inhibition. Corosolic acid altered the intrinsic fluorescence and UV-CD spectra of sPLA2IIa enzyme, indicating the direct interaction. It neutralised sPLA2IIa induced hemolytic activity from 97±1.23% to 15.75±1.44% and edema from 171.51±2.39% to 119.3±2.6%. Further, as antiproliferative activity, corosolic acid reduced the PC3 cell viability from 99.66±0.57% to 23±2.64% and suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 level from 94.35±2.2% to 34.36±2.4%. It increased mean survivability time from 30 to 38 days and displayed the drug-like qualities. Conclusion: All the experimental results have proven the corosolic acid as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer molecule that may further be used to develop it as a drug.

Angiosuppressive effects of bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles synthesis using Clitoria ternatea flower: an in vitro and in vivo approach.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (CTNP's) by Clitoria ternatea flower in the aqueous extract was investigated. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, followed by DLS, Zeta potential, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and AFM. The biocompatibility nature of CTNP's was determined using erythrocytes model system. Cytotoxicity of CTNP's against MCF-7 and EAC cells were determined by using MTT and Trypan blue exclusion method and their IC50 was found to be 19.37 µg/mL and 24 µg/mL. Cytotoxic potential of CTNP's was further confirmed by clonogenic assay. Further in vivo studies using EAC mice model supports the anti-cancer potential of silver nanoparticles. Results found that the CTNP's effectively control the proliferation rate by inhibiting the ascites secretion and cellular density. Further quantification of VEGF, microvessel density counts and CAM assays show the anti-angiogenic potential of the CTNP's. The apoptotic inducing activity of CTNP's was confirmed by DNA fragmentation, fluorescent staining studies. More interestingly, EAC treated mice exhibit significant increase in lifespan (~ 2.25 fold) compared to control EAC mice. Interestingly CTNP's did not exhibit any secondary complications against normal mice. The present findings give an experimental proof that the CTNP's could serve as a promising candidate to overcome limitations of existing conventional cancer therapeutics.