[Analysis of risk factors of the occurrence of drug resistance in patients with tuberculosis from civil and penitentiary sectors in the Samara Region].

The true prevalence rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRT) are unknown for most regions of Russia. This study was conducted in the Samara Region that differs from other regions in the rapid spread of HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the primary and acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) to first-line antituberculous drugs in patients from civil and penitentiary sectors and to reveal risk factors of drug resistance of MBT. Six hundred patients (309 civilians and 291 prisoners who had been bacteriologically diagnosed as having tuberculosis. The authors have established the following:--in new cases, primary drug resistance is as follows: to isoniazid [38.9% (95% CI, 31.3-36.9%)], to rifampicin [25.9% (95% CI, 19.4-33.4%)] and to MDRT [23.0% (95% CI, 16.7-30.3%)];--in prisoners, the primary resistance of MBT was statistically more significant than in civilians;--male sex, in adequate prior or current treatment for tuberculosis for more than 4 weeks, the presence of fibrocavernous tuberculosis and previous prison stay are essential risk factors of the development of resistance of MBT to both any first-line drug and MDRT;--HIV infection is unassociated with resistance.

[Effect of over-synthesis of cloned gene products on methanol metabolism in the recombinant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha]. / Vliianie sverkhsinteza produktov klonirovannykh genov na metabolizm metanola u rekombinantnykh metilotrofnykh drozhzhei Hansenula polymorpha.

As is shown expression homologous (dihydroxyacetone kinase) and heterologous (HBsAg, beta-galactosidase) genes in methylotrophic yeasts Hansenula polymorpha DL1 negatively affects on the growth parameters of a host strain. The reducing of specific growth rate (mu max) and yield of biomass per the unit of a consumed substrate (Yx/s) were found in all recombinant strains grown on methanol. Overproduction of dihydroxyacetone kinase and beta-galactosidase in recombinant H. polymorpha was accompanied by two-fold increasing of the activity of alcohol oxidase, which is the first enzyme of methanol oxidation. Otherwise, the activity of formaldehyde dehydrogenase two-fold decreased in the recombinant strain overproducing HBsAg compared with the host strain. It is suggested that the over-synthesis of foreign proteins requiring an additional energetic and metabolic expenses might reduce the growth parameters and the activities of some enzymes of methanol metabolism in recombinant methylotrophic yeast H. polymorpha.

[The effect of growth rate and culturing conditions on the stability of plasmid pCJ55 and on the level of expression of a large fragment of DNA-polymerase I, cloned in Escherichia coli]. / Vliiane skorosti rosta i uslovii kul'tivirovaniia na stabil'nost' plazmidy pCJ55 i na uroven' ékspressii bol'shogo fragmenta DNA- polimerazy I, klonirovannogo v Escherichia coli.

Plasmid pCJ55 with a cloned gene for the large fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I is stable in the population of a recombinant strain under the conditions of batch and continuous cultivation at different dilution rates in the presence of ampicillin. The level of Klenow fragment expression is determined by at least two factors: the stability of the recombinant strain and its specific growth rate. The maximal activity of the Klenow fragment was found after thermoinduction of the culture growing at a rate of mu = 0.6 h-1 in a synthetic medium with bactopeptone and glucose as a carbon source.