[Structural and functional organization of the cerebral cortex neurons in rats with various resistance to emotional stress following administration of delta-sleep-inducing peptide]. / Strukturno-funktsional'naia organizatsiia neironov kory bol'shogo mozga u krys s razlichnoi ustoichivost'iu k émotsional'nomu stressu pri vozdeistvii peptida, vyzyvaiushchego del'ta-son.

In Wistar rats with different resistance to emotional stress (ES), subjected to stress exposure (SE), the structural organization of neurons in layer V of sensomotor cortex was studied quantitatively in brain sections stained using Nissl's cresyl violet method. One group of animals was injected with delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) 1 hr before SE. In rats of control group predisposed to ES, the amount of normochromatic and moderately hypochromatic neurons was decreased as compared to the rats resistant to ES. After SE, normochromatic neurons were not demonstrated. In rats predisposed to ES, the contents of moderately hypo- and hyperchromatic neurons was found to fall dramatically with a simultaneous increase in the number of extremely hypo- and hyperchromatic neurons, ghost cells and ischemically changed cells. After DSIP infusion before SE, ischemically damaged cells were not found in any group, while the degree of shrinkage of extremely hyperchromatic neurons was lower in rats predisposed to ES as compared to rats resistant to ES. It is suggested that brain hypoxia plays an important role in cortex disorganization during ES, whereas DSIP, possesses both antistress and antihypoxic effects.

[The morphological validation of the pathogenetic prerequisites for analgesic operations in the area of the foramina of the posterior roots]. / Morfologicheskoe obosnovanie patogeneticheskikh predposylok k protivobolevym operatsiiam v oblasti vkhodnykh zon zadnikh koreshkov.

Since 1983, a hundred and forty-five analgesic operations on the entry areas of the posterior roots were made in patients with deafferentational pain syndrome. Intraoperative findings made the authors reassess the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the pain syndrome and induce them to perform a thorough morphological studies of the changes occurring in the diseased posterior roots of the spinal cord and other regions of the nerve system. The morphological study was made on 20 rats that had developed chronic pain syndrome due to abruption of the brachial plexus from the spine. Experimental findings showed marked destructive changes at the site of injury, posterior, lateral, and anterior horns of the spinal cord, in the cerebellum, neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus, thalamus, and cortex of the brain. These changes are regarded as transneuronal responses involving the cerebral cortex, which are accompanied by irritation and overirritation, which may be considered to be abnormal responses to a massive flux of afferent impulses emitting from the focus of the diseased spine. Changes were detected at the level of a traumatic lesion, but they were absent in other regions of the nervous system: status spongiosus in the posterior and lateral columns of the spine at the level of diseased posterior horns and glial cell proliferation in the diseased posterior horns. The proliferation contributes to the formation of hyperactive neurons that cause the pain syndrome. It may be suggested that spongious changes occurring around the spinal injury focus promote continuous glial proliferation and significantly impaired intertissue metabolism, thus maintaining abnormal activities in the focus of a lesion.

[The functional and morphochemical characteristics of the hippocampal neurons during the formation of trace processes in old rabbits]. / Funktsional'nye i morfokhimicheskie osobennosti neironov gippokampa pri formirovanii sledovykh protsessov u krolikov starogo vozrasta.

Trace rhythmic activity of dorsal hippocampal neurons were studied after the long-lasting (10-20 min) rhythmic (0.5-2 Hz) electrocutaneous stimulation of the forelimb in alert young (5-7 months), middle-aged (54-65 months), and very old (66-84 months) rabbits. During aging the number of spontaneously active neurons was shown to be significantly decreased, the proportion of slowly firing neurons to be increased, the interspike intervals and intervals between spike groups to lengthen, and the number of spikes per a group to be reduced. Spectral analysis of neuronal firing rate revealed that ability to reproduce the rhythm of the previous stimulation declined with age. No appropriate rhythms were found in hippocampal neurons of the old animals. Morphological and cytochemical analysis of the hippocampal neurons revealed changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic relations and also a fall of protein synthesis in the neurons of the old animals. The observed deteriorations may explain the impairment of trace rhythmic activity in hippocampal cells with age.

[The morphofunctional characteristics of the neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of old rabbits during the trace assimilation of rhythm]. / Morfofunktsional'nye kharakteristiki neironov sensomotornoi kory starykh krolikov pri sledovom usvoenii ritma.

Extracellular neuronal activity was recorded from 460 neurons from alert young (5-7 months), middle-aged (54-65 months) and old (66-85 months) rabbits. Trace rhythmic activity of sensorimotor cortical neurons was examined after long-lasting (10-20 min) rhythmic (0.5-2 Hz) electrocutaneous stimulation of the contralateral forelimb. Spectral analysis of spike activity showed age-related differences in capability of producing a rhythm of previous stimulation in spontaneous neuronal activity. In young animals propriate rhythmic fluctuations of firing rate appeared after the first or second sessions of stimulations (on the first experimental day), in middle-aged ones--after 2-4 sessions (on the second or third days); cortical neurons in old rabbits did not exhibit trace rhythmic activity. Significant morphological changes in glial and neuronal cells were observed in sensorimotor cortex of old rabbits. It is proposed that morphological deteriorations may be the reason of the impairement of trace processes during aging.

[Changes in the cytoarchitectonics of the field 4 of human cerebral cortex in perinatal developmental defects]. / Izmeneniia tsitoarkhitektoniki polia 4 kory golovnogo mozga pri perinatal'nykh porokakh razvitiia.

Knowledge of the morphological characteristics is essential for the understanding of the pathogenesis and finding of effective treatment for children with perinatal brain disorders (cerebral palsy). The authors studied histological sections (Nissl-stained) of field 4 of the cerebral cortex from 20 patients aged 3 to 14 years. Demonstrating the signs of nonspecific changes in the nervous tissue and revealing the damage of development, the results of the work can be used for interpreting the data of a quantitative image analysis of the cortex cytoarchitectonics.

[Incidence of morphologic changes in cerebral cortex neurons of the rat exposed to accelerated carbon ions]. / Issledovanie chastoty morfologicheskikh izmenenii v neironakh kory golovnogo mozga krys pri vozdeistvii uskorennykh ionov ugleroda.

Structural lesions in neurons of the brain cortex of rats were investigated 1 and 3 months after their exposure to accelerated carbon ions with the energy 320 MeV/nuclon 10(4) particles/cm2 (LET = 120 MeVcm2/g) as well as to gamma-radiation in the dose 1.0 Gy. The irradiated animals showed morphofunctional, dystrophic and reparative lesions in neurons. The rats exposed to carbon ions developed more distinct changes that the animals exposed to gamma-radiation. It is postulated that similar fluxes of cosmic radiations will not produce a deleterious effect on the integrative functions of the central nervous system of cosmonauts.

[Changes in the structures of the cerebral cortex in experimental atherosclerosis with and without exposure to sound]. / Izmeneniia struktur kory mozga pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze i ego sochetanii s deistviem zvuka.

Albino rats fed an atherogenic diet for 3 months developed a marked depression of the anti-coagulation system of blood. The acoustic and sensomotor cortex showed dystrophic changes in the cortical structures, as well as signs of the reparative nature. Sound stimulation in the presence of atherosclerosis increased fibrinolytic activity and decreased heparin tolerance of blood plasma in animals sensitive to acoustic exposure and led to a greater severity and dissemination of dystrophic and destructive changes in the cortical structures, particularly in animals with convulsive seizures.

[Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the course of experimental brain edema]. / Vliianie giperbaricheskoi oksigenatsii na techenie oteka mozga v éksperimente.

The authors studied experimental brain edema and morphological changes in the cerebral tissue in 2 groups of animals: the test group receiving hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) and the control group. The test animals showed a more favourable course of brain injury. Microscopic examination revealed a lesser degree of brain edema and intensification of reparative processes in the cerebral tissues of animals receiving HBO.

[Features of cerebral cortical pathology in children with perinatal encephalopathy in infantile cerebral palsy]. / K osobennostiam patologii kory mozga u detei s perinatal'noi éntsefalopatiei i detskim tserebral'nym paralichom.

The results of a clinico-morphological examination of 4 patients with perinatal encephalopathy and 2 patients with infantile cerebral paralysis who died of intercurrent diseases at the age of 1 to 8 months are presented. It has been established that considerable alterations in the cytoarchitectonics in the cortical portions of the brain correlate with the functional disorders of cortical-subcortical interactions in these patients, particularly in grave course of infantile cerebral paralysis.

[The effect of several psychotropic substances on brain structure]. / Vliianie nekotorykh psikhotropnykh sredstv na struktury mozga

The authors have shown similarities of structural changes in the neuron and interneuronal relations found in the brains of rats under indopan and LSD stimulation of the CNS with certain differences in the localization of the changes in the functionally different brain systems. A high sensitivity of the sensory-motor cortex and the subcortical formations of the brain, rich in dopamine and serotonin, to indopan has been marked. LSD central effects were conditioned by the influence of the drug not only on the synapsis, but on the cell body components of the different brain systems, especially in the visual. The observed changes were allocated to categories of functional disturbances.