CEA and relapse after the operation of colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Relapses have an important meaning in relation to the curative surgical intervention. In RO resections according to UICC classification, the local relapses were classified as the most important factor for survival. Without any doubts the most important of these tumor-biological prognostic factors in patients with colorectal carcinoma is the carcino-embryonal antigen. Up to now, the unquestionable importance of the determination of serum levels of CEA for the detection of relapses is most often described. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is retrospective, not randomized. Analyzed were medical records and data of patients, who underwent the surgery of colorectal carcinoma at IInd Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, in period from January 1st, 1986 to December 31st, 1995. In our analysis we evaluate the age and gender of patients, date of the surgery and type of the surgery from the point of acuteness, as well as radicality, staging of the disease, levels of the serum CEA. Serum levels of carcino-embryonal antigen before operation were determined and evaluated. In patients, who remaind in the monitoring at our department we examine CEA in regular intervals. RESULTS: From our group of patients, in 28 patients the relapse of the disease was determined here. Before the first operation, the preoperative level of CEA was examined in 15 patients and in 13 patients it was not. From 15 patients with examined CEA level, 7 patients (46.7%) had increased and 9 patients (53.3%) normal level. In twenty-seven patients CEA level was examined to reveal a relapse. One patient was diagnosed during the acute surgery and CEA was not determined prior this operation. From the remaining 27 patients, CEA level was positive in 20 patients (74.1%) and 7 patients had normal levels (25.9%). From these 7 patients with normal CEA level, in 5 cases it was locoregional relapse and 2 patients have distant metastases. From all patients, in whom the relapse was determined at our department, in 13 patients locoregional relapse was detected and in 15 patients distant metastases were diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Due to the sensitivity of serum level of CEA for detection of relapses, which is higher compared to the primary tumor and also to found lead time 4 months we think the postoperative regular determination of CEA in patients after the curative resection is appropriate. Earlier determination of less progressive relapse is definitely important, although the current long-term survival after the surgery for relapses is not optimistic. Development of surgical procedures as well as alternative treatment can bring better results in less developed relapse of the disease. (Ref. 28.).

Fast and simple photometric signal processing unit.

A simple and fast photometric signal processing unit has been constructed using some of the commonly available linear and digital integrated circuits. A common mode rejection ratio of 75 dB, based on the subtraction of the output and reference signal, and a rise time of 0.2 mus have been achieved with this instrument.