[Histoarchitectonics of the cholinergic innervation of the frog tongue]. / Gistoarkhitektonika kholinergicheskoi innervatsii iazyka liagushki.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was studied in dorsal tongue surface structures and in both tongue nerves (hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal) of frogs (Rana temporaria). AChE was found in nerve fibers of fungiform and filiform papillae, blood vessels, glandular ducts of tongue mucosa, both nerve fibers and also in the bodies of cholinergic neurons in subepithelial connective tissue and along the glossopharyngeal nerve. Their parasympathetic origin was suggested. The experiments with butirilthiocholin have revealed no activity of non-specific cholinesterases in the above structures. Possible role of cholinergic system in the regulation of tongue receptor function is discussed.

[Certain problems in the autonomic innervation of acupuncture zones of human skin]. / Nekotorye problemy vegetativnoi innervatsii zon akupunktury kozhi cheloveka.

Cholinergic and adrenergic components of vegetative innervation in acupuncture zones of the human skin (in acupuncture "points") were studied by the histochemical method for acetylcholine esterase and by the method of luminescent microscopy. Skin samples were obtained by means of biopsy. In 23 corporal acupuncture zones in the skin, cholinergic nerve conductors and terminals were found to be concentrated and structurally connected with multiple vessels of the skin and its derivatives: sweat glands, folliculi of the fluffy hairs and smooth muscles. In the derm, among its derivatives, numerous free varicose axons with a high positive reaction for acetylcholine esterase were found. In 7 out of 9 examined neutral areas of the human skin, a weak cholinergic innervation was revealed. In biopsies obtained from patients during operations, adrenergic nerves in acupuncture zones were found in small amount on the vessels of skin and in smooth muscles. The problem on participation of acetylcholine from the skin neural elements in the mechanism of therapeutic effect of acupuncture is discussed.

Functional state of adrenergic innervation of the stomach in rats with different stability of cardiovascular functions in experimental stress.

Stress is induced in male Wistar and August rats by immobilising them for 30 hours. Nerve endings were studied using the method of fluorescent microscopy of Falck and Owman, modified by E. M. Krokhina. These studies showed that the dystrophic process related to stress acts on the activation system of the adrenergic innervation. This activation of transmitter synthesis in all the neurones is related to the large number of adrenergic transmitter substances found in the stomach wall. There are differences between animal species: August rats are more sensitive. This no doubt reflects a general instability in the vegetative functions of this species. The authors conclude that depending on the animal species there are factors in the stomach which may either afford resistance or predispose the organism to disorders of the cardiovascular system.

[Possible nature of the biogenic amine in the dumbbell-shaped cells of frog taste buds]. / O vozmozhnoi prirode biogennogo amina v gantelevidnykh kletkakh vkusovoi pochki liagushki.

An attempt was made to identify specific monoamines contained in the dumb-bell shape cells of the frog taste bud by means of histochemical analysis. It was shown by fluorescent microscopy that preliminary administration of exogenous serotonin into the blood channel of frog tongue resulted in a sharp increase of specific fluorescence of the dumb-bell shape cells, whereas serotonin synthesis inhibition with p-chlorphenylalanine led to reduction and elimination of specific fluorescence. It was concluded that-specific monoamine of the dumb-bell shape cells was possibly of serotonin-like nature.

[Disorders in the adrenergic innervation of the stomachs of rats with stable regulation of cardiovascular function in the presence of emotional stress]. / Narusheniia adrenergicheskoi innervatsii zheludka u krys s ustoichivoi reguliatsiei serdechno-sosudistykh funktsii pri émotsional'nom stresse.

Changes of arterial pressure and of the frequency of cardiac contractions were analyzed in Wistar rats under acute immobilization stress; stability of the cardiovascular functions under emotional stress was revealed. An increased sensitivity of the adrenergic component of the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the stomach that caused the development of its dystrophic processes was observed. Emotional stress proved to be accompanied by phasic dynamics of disorders in the adrenergic innervation: mobilization in the adrenergic innervation was followed by its exhaustion.

[Effect of sensory and sympathetic denervation of the frog tongue on the catecholamine containing cells of the taste buds]. / Vliianie chuvstvitel'noi i simpaticheskoi denervatsii iazyka liagushki na katekholaminsoderzhashchie kletki vkusovykh pochek

The structure of catecholamine-containing dumb-bell shaped cells of the taste buds was studied by luminescent microscopy in the epithelial layer of the frog's tongue (Rana temporaria). On the unilateral section of the lingual nerve, a maintained adrenergic innervation of vessels and of the epithelium was observed, a decreased number of dumb-bell shaped cells in the taste bud, and their significant enlargement, and increased cathecholamine luminescence. With desympathization, no adrenergic nerves were observed on the vessels and the epithelium of the tongue. The size of the taste buds in desympathized cells of the tongue is sharply decreased and their number is increased. There is a tendency to grouping of the dumbbell shaped cells into 3--4 taste buds in one fungiform papillina. The experiments with sensory and sympathetic denervation of the frog tongue distinctly showed the trophic action of sensory and sympathetic nerves on the taste organ of the frog.

[The neuronal composition of the intramural nerve plexi of the gastrointestinal tract]. / O neironnom sostave intramural'nykh nervnykh spletenii zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta

The neuronal population of the intramural ganglia of the gastrointestinal tract was studied in cats by the method of fluorescent microscopy. Three neuronal populations were revealed in the intramural ganglia of the intact animals. The first population showed no specific catecholamine fluorescence. The perikaria of the second population were not fluorescent, but there were adrenergic synapses on the surface of these nerve cells. The third population of the neurons displayed a specific catecholamine fluorescence of the perikarion and the processes. Intraperitonal injection of exogenic noradrenaline in a dose of 1 mg produced an increase in the number of the nerve cells with a specific fluorescence which permitted us to suggest that the intramural ganglia of the gastrointestinal tract contained, along with parasympathetic intramural neurons, also the sympathetic ones the majority of which were capable of specific fluorescence only after an induced elevation in them of the mediator content.

Catecholamine-containing cells of the taste buds in the tongue of the frog (Rana temporaria).

In a study of the epithelial layer and taste buds of the tongue of the frog using fluorescence, peculiar dumb-bell shaped cells were found in the taste buds of fungiform papillae and these showed a highly-positive reaction to catecholamines. Adrenergic nerve fibres were detected in the vessels of the taste bud and in the epithelium of the tongue. Under conditions of catecholamine deficiency produced by preliminary reserpinization of frogs a decrease in specific fluorescence of the cells and the nerves was observed.