[Use of various non-pharmacological methods in the treatment of patients in the early stages of arterial hypertension]. / Primenenie nekotorykh nemedikamentoznykh metodov dlia lecheniia bol'nykh s rannimi stadiiami gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Patients with labile hypertension received various kinds of nonmedicinal therapy: psychological intervention (40 patients), acupuncture (25 patients), physical training (11 patients). Chemotherapy was provided to 38 patients. A significant antihypertensive effect was achieved with the use of the nonmedicinal therapeutic methods. Their efficacy was comparable with that of chemotherapy.

[Functional reserves of myocardial perfusion in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease with varying degrees of damage of the coronary arteries]. / Funktsional'nye rezervy perfuzii miokarda u bol'nykh khronicheskoi ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa s razlichnoi stepen'iu porazheniia koronarnykh arterii.

A comparative study of data provided by coronaro-angiography and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (resting and exercise tests), and clinical/electrocardiographic results of the exercise test in 102 chronic coronary patients demonstrated that non-invasive myocardial perfusion 201Tl scintigraphy combined with threshold bicycle-ergometric exercise adds considerably to the clinico-electrocardiographic assessment of the exercise test and thus helps to detect myocardial blood supply (perfusion) disorders in some of coronary patients with doubtful or negative test results. Reduced functional reserves of myocardial blood supply, as reflected in deficient perfusion at the peak of threshold exercise, are seen in all coronary patients with angiographically intact coronary arteries and in most patients with both the so-called "functionally-insignificant" and marked coronary arterial stenosis (94.7 and 88.3%, respectively).

[Use of exercise tests and echocardiography during long-term observation of patients with mitral stenosis and cardiac insufficiency]. / Primenenie nagruzochnykh testov i ékhokardiografii pri dlitel'nom nabliudenii bol'nykh s mitral'nym stenozom i serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

Findings of echocardiography and bicycle exercise testing were considered objective hemodynamic criteria during long-term follow-up studies of patients with mitral stenosis and early stages of cardiac insufficiency. In patients with the first degree cardiac insufficiency the most sensitive parameters were: exercise tolerance, physical adaptation index and left atrial size. In patients with the second A degree cardiac insufficiency additional information has also been obtained upon studying the ejection fraction and the rate of left ventricular circular shortening.

[Spiroergometric evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of cardiac insufficiency with cardiac glycosides]. / Otsenka effektivnosti lecheniia serdechnymi glikozidami bol'nykh s serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu s pomoshch'iu spiroergometrii.

There were 29 patients with rheumatic heart disease and early stages of cardiac insufficiency under observation. Spiroergometry with the "Ergotest" device was conducted in dynamics to check whether the proper dose of the cardiac glycoside had been chosen. The results attest to the considerable improvement in the spiroergometric indices in patients with early stages of cardiac insufficiency who had been treated with digitalis. Spiroergometry yielded important additional criteria of the effectiveness of digitalization, particularly in individuals with normal or diminished rate of cardiac contractions.

[Mechanism of nitroglycerin action]. / O mekhanizme deistviia nitroglitserina.

Data are presented on the effect of nitroglycerin upon the intracardiac haemodynamics studied by means of echocardiography in normal individuals and in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Three types of changes in the intracardiac haemodynamics under the effect of the drug were revealed. The possible mechanism of action of nitroglycerin is discussed in the light of the obtained data.

[Myocardial contractility during angina pectoris attack in ischemic heart disease]. / Sokratitel'naia funktsiia miokarda pri pristupe grudnoi zhaby u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa

The myocardial contractility function was studied with the aid of echocardiography in 42 male patients during dosaged physical exercises. The patients were selected so that at the peak of the exercises they developed an angina pectoris attack documented by ischaemic ECG changes. In some of the patients the changes were also observed during attacks of angina decubitus. Anginal attacks are accompanied by a reduction of the myocardial function. Haemodynamic reactions of two types were noted with myocardial ischaemia: type I reaction was observed in patients with ischaemic heart disease and practically normal values of the initial heart volume, and consisted in an increasing end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, with the stroke volume remaining unchanged, and the ejection fraction somewhat decreasing; type 2 reaction was observed in patients with initially increased heart volumes, and consisted in a decreasing end-diastolic and stroke volumes, with an insignificant alteration of the end-systolic volume. The ejection fraction, being initially insignificantly decreased, tends to decrease further during the attack.

[Study of the contractile function of the myocardium with the aid of echocardiography]. / Izuchenie sokratitel'noi funktsii miokarda s pomoshch'iu ekhokardiografii

The problems of studying the contractile function of the myocardium were investigated in patients with acquired heart diseases and varying stages of circulation insufficiency. Echocardiography was used to examine 92 patients, aged 17 to 38 years. The results of the examination permitted to obtain a clear understanding of the degree of changes in the myocardium contractile function. The most valuable parameters of echocardiogrammes which permit to record the early signs of cardiac insufficiency include the myocardium excursions rate, the ejection fraction, the contraction rate of the circular fibers of the myocardium, the percentage of shortening the anterior-posterior dimensions of the left ventricle.

[Early diagnosis of cardiac insufficiency with the spiroergometric method]. / Ranniaia diagnostika serdechnoi nedostatochnosti pri pomoshchi spiroérgometricheskogo metoda

Standard and submaximal physical load tests were contrasted in studying the functional state of the cardio-respiratory system in healthy individuals and in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, post-infarction cardiosclerosis, mitral lesions and cardiac-pulmonary insufficiency. The application of physical load tests of different types is shown to be instrumental in obtaining a mutually complementary information about the function of the cardiac-respiratory system and the degree of pulmonary and cardiac decompensation. The authors attach great importance to determining the ratio of an actual oxygen uptake to its proper values and suggest using this indicator, called by them performance capacity index, in quantitative appraisal of physical capacity to perform work. In recognizing early stages of circulatory insufficiency of considerable interest is determining the ratio of the venous blood concentration of lactate, pyruvate and some other biochemical factors to the amount of work done.

[Results and perspectives of the use of echocardiography and ultrasonic scanning of the heart]. / Itogi i perspektivy primeneniia ekhokardiografii i ul'trazvukovogo skennirovaniia serdtsa

The results of echocardiography and ultrasonic scanning of the heart in over 600 patients with ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, heart diseases and other pathology are presented. The high diagnostic value of these techniques in terms of detection of acquired and congenital heart failures, exsudative pericardites, left atrial tumors is demonstrated. The methods permit to evaluate myocardial hypertrophy, left ventricular dilatation, and to reveal myocardial contractility disorders at their early stages. The prospects of the employment of ultrasonic techniques in cardiological practice are analysed.