ABSTRACT
Despite measures adopted to control American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), the disease is spreading in a fast and worrying way throughout western São Paulo state. The aim of this work was to study the variables involved in the disease cycle as well as the effectiveness of controlling measures. The study was carried out in the microregion of Dracena, which is composed of twelve cities and belongs to Alta Paulista, a region of western São Paulo. The necessary data were provided by the Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control and Adolfo Lutz Institute, Regional Laboratory of Presidente Prudente. From August 2005 to January 2008, the following factors were observed: detection of phlebotomine sandflies in the cities and periods in which dogs or humans were diagnosed; number of human deaths; prevalence of suspected dogs tested by serology; percentage of euthanasia in suspected dogs; a possible correlation between positive dogs and cases of the disease in humans; and the disease prevalence among municipalities from the studied region. It was verified that, despite the strategies adopted in Dracena microregion to control AVL, the disease continues to rise. Thus, some procedures of the AVL Monitoring and Control Program should be reviewed, to grant the initiative more credibility and effectiveness.
ABSTRACT
A trial was carried out to study isolated or combined effect of Apramicin (10ppm) and formic + propionic acids (0.0; 0.1 and 0.2%) supplementation in broilers diets. Acids mixtures were blended in a 1:1 ratio. A completely randomized design was utilized in a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme (apramicim x organic acids x sex) with 4 replicates of 45 birds per experimental unit, with 2160-day-old Cobb chicks. Birds were fed "ad libitum". In the initial phase, the supplementation of apramicin and organic acids (0.1%) alone, increased (p 0,05) body weight gain. Combined supplementation did not promote an accumulative effect. However, apramicin in the presence of organic acids supplementation decreased feed efficiency. In the final and total phases, broilers performance parameters were not affected by treatment. Combined supplementation of apramicin and organic acids (0,1%) decreased carcass yield.
O experimento teve como objetivo verificar a ação da apramicina (10 ppm) e dos ácidos fórmico + propiônico (0,0; 0,1 e 0,2%) no desempenho de frangos de corte sexados. A mistura dos ácidos orgânicos foi de 1:1. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 2 (apramicina x ácidos orgânicos x sexos), com 4 repetições de 45 aves por parcela, totalizando 2.160 pintos Cobb de 1 dia. As aves receberam ração à vontade. Na fase inicial, a adição da apramicina (10 ppm) e 0,1% dos ácidos orgânicos, isoladamente, melhorou o ganho de peso das aves. A adição conjunta dos produtos não promoveu ganho acumulado. Na presença da apramicina, a adição dos ácidos orgânicos piorou a conversão alimentar. Nas fases final e total, os dados de desempenho não apresentaram diferenças significativas. O rendimento de carcaça foi prejudicado com a adição conjunta da apramicina e 0,1% dos ácidos orgânicos.
ABSTRACT
A trial was carried out to study isolated or combined effect of Apramicin (10ppm) and formic + propionic acids (0.0; 0.1 and 0.2%) supplementation in broilers diets. Acids mixtures were blended in a 1:1 ratio. A completely randomized design was utilized in a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme (apramicim x organic acids x sex) with 4 replicates of 45 birds per experimental unit, with 2160-day-old Cobb chicks. Birds were fed "ad libitum". In the initial phase, the supplementation of apramicin and organic acids (0.1%) alone, increased (p 0,05) body weight gain. Combined supplementation did not promote an accumulative effect. However, apramicin in the presence of organic acids supplementation decreased feed efficiency. In the final and total phases, broilers performance parameters were not affected by treatment. Combined supplementation of apramicin and organic acids (0,1%) decreased carcass yield.
O experimento teve como objetivo verificar a ação da apramicina (10 ppm) e dos ácidos fórmico + propiônico (0,0; 0,1 e 0,2%) no desempenho de frangos de corte sexados. A mistura dos ácidos orgânicos foi de 1:1. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 2 (apramicina x ácidos orgânicos x sexos), com 4 repetições de 45 aves por parcela, totalizando 2.160 pintos Cobb de 1 dia. As aves receberam ração à vontade. Na fase inicial, a adição da apramicina (10 ppm) e 0,1% dos ácidos orgânicos, isoladamente, melhorou o ganho de peso das aves. A adição conjunta dos produtos não promoveu ganho acumulado. Na presença da apramicina, a adição dos ácidos orgânicos piorou a conversão alimentar. Nas fases final e total, os dados de desempenho não apresentaram diferenças significativas. O rendimento de carcaça foi prejudicado com a adição conjunta da apramicina e 0,1% dos ácidos orgânicos.