ABSTRACT
This review documents technical progress in ophthalmic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultrahigh fields (UHF, B(0) ≥ 7.0 T). The review surveys frontier applications of UHF-MRI tailored for high spatial resolution in vivo imaging of the eye, orbit and optic nerve. Early examples of clinical ophthalmic UHF-MRI including the assessment of melanoma of the choroid membrane and the characterisation of intraocular masses are demonstrated. A concluding section ventures a glance beyond the horizon and explores research promises along with future directions of ophthalmic UHF-MRI.
Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Image Enhancement/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Ophthalmoscopy/methods , Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Technology Assessment, BiomedicalABSTRACT
MR microscopy using an ultra high-field MR system is a novel non-invasive imaging technique to explore the human eye without optical distortions. This review aims to provide an insight into the technique. Normal MR microscopic anatomy of the human eye in vivo is demonstrated and clinical applications of MR microscopy are discussed.
Subject(s)
Eye/cytology , Image Enhancement/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Microscopy/methods , Ophthalmoscopy/methods , HumansABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Wrist ganglions are the most common soft tissue tumors of the hand and wrist and can occur at any age. Their etiology remains controversial. A high prevalence of associated intrinsic ligamentous lesions has been described. We hypothesized that painful wrist ganglions are an indicator of an underlying joint abnormality, particularly of lesions of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). The aim of our study was to prospectively determine the prevalence of associated TFCC lesions in patients with painful wrist ganglions. METHODS: Forty-six patients (35 women, 11 men; mean age, 36 ± 11 y; range, 18-57 y) with painful wrist ganglions (20 radiopalmar and 26 dorsal) had surgery from January 2008 to June 2010. There were 18 primary and 28 recurrent ganglions. Clinical examinations, pain score evaluations, disabilities in daily life evaluations, plain radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging were obtained before arthroscopic resection. Concomitant intrinsic lesions of the wrist were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and re-evaluated by arthroscopy. RESULTS: All ganglions were successfully resected. Overall, arthroscopy identified 22 TFCC lesions (48%) and 2 intracarpal ligament lesions. The TFCC perforations were more commonly associated with radiopalmar ganglions with a positive ulnocarpal stress test result and with recurrent radiopalmar ganglions. At 1-year follow-up, all patients were meaningfully improved in terms of pain and disabilities in daily life. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopy allows for the simultaneous treatment of ganglions and other pathologies. Therefore, arthroscopy should be contemplated as the primary treatment option for patients with painful ganglions of the wrist if they are in a radiopalmar location with a positive ulnocarpal stress test and for patients with recurrent radiopalmar ganglions, which are also highly associated with TFCC abnormalities. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.
Subject(s)
Arthroscopy/methods , Ganglion Cysts/surgery , Triangular Fibrocartilage/surgery , Wrist/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Disability Evaluation , Female , Ganglion Cysts/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment Outcome , Triangular Fibrocartilage/abnormalities , Wrist/pathologyABSTRACT
Ultra-high-field MR microscopy is a novel, non-invasive imaging technique to explore the strcutures of the human eye without optical distorsions. This review aims to provide an insight into the technique of the method. The normal MR microscopic anatomy of the human eye with correlations to histology is demonstrated. The use of MR microscopy in ther experimental ophthalmological setting is discussed.
