Efeitos de dois tipos de treinamento físico de baixo impacto sobre o tempo de tela em adolescentes com excesso de peso / Effects of two types of low impact physical training on screen time among overweight adolescents

INTRODUCTION: The time that adolescents spend in front of some screen as TV, computer, video games and mobile phones, has been considered a risk factor for obesity and non-communicable chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of two types of low impact training on the screen time and the BMI of overweight adolescents. METHODS: Forty-seven adolescents were allocated into three groups: control group (CG); water aerobics group (WG); and rebound training group (RG). The three groups had a weekly session of nutritional guidance; additionally, WG and RG trained 12 weeks with three weekly sessions ranging between 24 and 32 minutes, according to the stage of the training periodization with water aerobics and rebound classes, respectively. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and screen time through a questionnaire created for this study in order to identify the amount of hours that adolescents passed in front of a screen. The questionnaire was carried out before and after the training period, as well as anthropometric assessments. RESULTS: There was no difference pre and post-intervention in screen time for the three groups, however, there was a decrease in BMI in both exercise groups of the pre-training period for post-training. CONCLUSION: There was no reduction of the screen time, however the BMI decreased in the exercise groups.

INTRODUÇÃO: O tempo que adolescentes passam em frente a algum tipo de tela como TV, computador, videogames e celulares, tem sido considerado fator de risco para a obesidade e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. OBJETIVO: Analisar a eficiência de dois tipos de treino de baixo impacto sobre o tempo de tela e sobre o IMC de adolescentes com excesso de peso. MÉTODO: Foram alocados 47 adolescentes em três grupos: controle (GC); hidroginástica (GH); e jump (GJ). Os três grupos tiveram uma sessão semanal de orientação nutricional; além disso, o GH e GJ treinaram 12 semanas com três sessões semanais variando entre 24 e 32 minutos, conforme fase da periodização do treinamento, com aulas de hidroginástica e jump, respectivamente. Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas e do tempo de tela por meio de questionário criado para o presente estudo, a fim de identificar a quantidade de horas que os adolescentes passavam em frente de uma tela. A aplicação do questionário foi realizada pré e pós-período de treinamento, assim como as avaliações antropométricas. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença pré e pós-intervenção no tempo de tela para os três grupos, no entanto, houve redução no IMC em ambos os grupos de exercícios do período pré para o pós-treinamento. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve redução do tempo de tela, entretanto o IMC diminuiu nos grupos de exercícios.

Treinamento de força diminui os sintomas depressivos e melhora a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde em idosas / Strength training decreases the depressive symptoms and improves the health-related quality of life in older women

O objetivo do presente estudo foi de avaliar os efeitos do treinamento de força, com prescrição baseada na percepção de esforço, nos sintomas depressivos e na Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) de idosas. Participaram do estudo 24 idosas (idade de 65,6 ± 4,5 anos), submetidas a um treinamento de força duas vezes por semana, durante 12 semanas com intensidade prescrita através da escala de percepção de esforço de BORG. Utilizou-se a escala de depressão geriátrica (EDG) de para rastreio de depressão e avaliação dos sintomas depressivos. Para avaliação da QVRS, utilizou-se o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida Short Form-36 (SF-36). Para comparação das variáveis pré e pós-treinamento foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon. Foi encontrada uma redução dos sintomas depressivos, bem como da frequência de idosas com pontuação indicativa de episódio depressivo atual, após o treinamento de força. Para a QVRS, foram encontradas melhoras nas subescalas de capacidade funcional, estado geral da saúde, vitalidade e saúde mental. O treinamento de força, baseado na percepção de esforço, foi um método efetivo para uma redução nos sintomas de depressivos das participantes bem como para melhora da QVRS relacionada à saúde nas seguintes subescalas do SF-36: vitalidade, capacidade funcional, estado geral da saúde e saúde mental em idosas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of strength training, based on the perceived effort, on depressive symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of elderly women. Twenty four older women (65.6 ± 4.5 years), performed training exercise two times per week during 12 weeks. The intensity was prescribed using the BORG perceived effort scale. The Geriatric Depression Scale (EDG) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms intensity. The HRQoL, was evaluated thought the Short Form-36 (SF-36). A significant decrease of depressive symptoms was found. The HRQoL improved in some, but not all subscales. Improvements were found at functional capacity, general heath, vitality and mental health subscales. The strength training, based on perceived effort, was an effective method to decrease the depressive symptoms and improve HRQoL on the functional capacity, general heath, vitality and mental health subscales of SF-36 on older women

The benefits of a high-intensity aquatic exercise program (HydrOS) for bone metabolism and bone mass of postmenopausal women.

This study aimed to evaluate the 24-week effects of a high-intensity aquatic exercise program on bone remodeling markers and bone mass of postmenopausal women. In this randomized, controlled trial we studied 108 women (58.8 ± 6.4 years), randomized into Aquatic Exercise Group (AEG), n = 64, performing 24 weeks of aquatic exercises, and Control Group (CG), n = 44, sedentary. They had their fasting morning blood sample collected for the measures of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx). Bone mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after the intervention. Participants of both groups received a daily supplementation of 500 mg of elementary calcium and 1,000 IU of vitamin D (cholecalciferol). Results showed an augment in bone formation marker (P1NP) only in the AEG (15.8 %; p = 0.001), and although both groups experienced significant enhancements in bone resorption marker (CTx), this increase was less considerable in the AEG (15 % in the AEG and 29 % in the CG). IPTH was increased by 19 % in the CG (p = 0.003) at the end. The femoral trochanter BMD presented a 1.2 % reduction in the CG (p = 0.009), whereas in the AEG no change was observed (p = 0.069). The proposed aquatic exercise program was efficient in attenuating bone resorption raise and enhancing bone formation, which prevented the participants in the AEG from reducing the femoral trochanter BMD, as happened in the CG.

High-intensity aquatic exercises (HydrOS) improve physical function and reduce falls among postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effects of an aquatic exercise program (HydrOS) on neuromuscular function and falls among postmenopausal women. METHODS: One hundred eight postmenopausal women (mean [SD] age, 58.8 [6.4] y) were randomly divided into the control group (CG; n = 44) and the aquatic exercise group (AEG; n = 64). Both groups received elementary calcium 500 mg/day and cholecalciferol 1,000 IU/day. For 24 weeks, the AEG participated in the aquatic exercise program, whereas the CG remained sedentary. The following variables were measured before and after the program: number of falls and fallers (7 mo before and after the intervention); flexibility, using Wells' Sit-and-Reach Test (FLEX); static balance, using the Unipedal Stance Test (UST); mobility, using the Timed-Up-and-Go test (TUG); handgrip strength of the dominant hand (HGS); and maximal isometric strength of back extensor muscles (SBE), strength of hip flexor muscles (SHF), and strength of knee extensor muscles (SKE). The muscle strength tests were considered the primary outcome, whereas the other neuromuscular tests, together with falls, were considered secondary outcomes. Results were significant when P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly increased by 21% in the CG and by 23% in the AEG (P < 0.001). The number of falls and fallers after the program remained unchanged in the CG; in the AEG, the mean number of falls decreased from 2.00 to 0.29 (P < 0.0001), and the number of fallers decreased by 44% (P < 0.0001). All neuromuscular variables significantly improved in the AEG: FLEX (26.6%; P < 0.0001), UST (14.1%; P < 0.001), TUG (23.7%; P < 0.001), HGS (13.4%; P < 0.001), SBE (26.2%; P < 0.001), SHF (18.5%; P = 0.039), and SKE (7.7%; P < 0.001). In the CG, significant improvements in FLEX (12.2%; P = 0.009), UST (4.5%; P < 0.001), TUG (10%; P < 0.001), and SHF (5.7%; P = 0.039) were observed and could be explained by increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level attributable to supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: The aquatic exercise program HydrOS is a safe and efficient way to improve physical function and to reduce falls among postmenopausal women.