[Enteral therapeutic nutrition in the complex therapy and prevention of diseases]. / Enteral'noe pitanie v kompleksnoi terapii i profilaktike zabolevanii.

Baseline nutritional impairments, patient's malnutrition, and inadequate correction of metabolic disorders considerably reduce the effects of therapeutic measures, increase the risk of septic and infectious complications, negatively influence the hospital length of stay, increase mortality rates. Concomitant and profound disorders of metabolic homeostasis system in various diseases and critical conditions dictate a multi-component approach to the correction of metabolic disorders requiring specially chosen nutrient compositions and the routes of their administration. The development of currently available nutritional formulae was based on the theory of balanced nutrition reflecting the physiological requirements in nutrients and calories of a healthy person, and also taking into account specific features of pathogenesis, clinical course, disease stage, the nature and extent of metabolic disorders, functional condition of the gastrointestinal tract, the effects of specific nutrients on the intensity of metabolic processes. Nutrition adapted to the patient's disease and the digestive tract functional condition provided by diets containing specific nutrients (arginine, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids) has a number of advantages over standard nutritional formulae, and poses a directed therapeutic effect. The nutritional formulae "Nutrien" are represented by the standard ("Nutrien Standard"), and semi-elemental ("Nutrien Elemental") formulae, as well as by the formulae of directed effect ("Nutrien Hepa", "Nutrien Nephro", "Nutrien Pulmo", "Nutrien Diabet", "Nutrien Immun").

[Specialized products for nutrition of children with mucoviscidosis]. / Spetsializirovannye produkty dlia pitaniia detei, bol'nykh mukovistsidozom.

Mucoviscidosis is serious inherited disease with lesions of almost all secretory cells of mucosa and exocrine glands, following by disturbances of metabolism, digestion and nutritional status. Using of modern high effective pancreatic enzymes does not allow to reach a normalization of protein metabolism and digestion especially of fats. For success treatment of this disease the effective dietetic methods should be used including dietary intake of special food products which can supply enough energy and nutrients in small volume. The nutrient contents of a few foreign substitution of breast milk and food product for older children are given. The results of treatment of 86 children suffering from mucoviscidosis are presented. Milk proteins (casein, whey proteins), hydrolysates of milk protein and soy protein isolates are main resources of protein component in special food. Fat components are produced from middle-chain triglycerides (60-70%) and vegetable oils. Carbohydrates in special food are made from glucose polymers, glucose, fructose and sucrose. Positive results of clinical trials of foreign special food have been an example for creation of two home-produced food for treatment of children with mucoviscidosis: 1) adapted version "A" for children in age under 1 year, and 2) version "B" for older children. The products were created on basis of native milk protein with ratio casein to whey protein as 60:40. Middle-chain triglycerides compose 70-75% of fats. Carbohydrates are presented by dextrin-maltose (85%), glucose and sucrose. In present time these special products are under clinical trial in scientific medico-genetic center of Russia' Academy of Medical Science.

[Taurine in the composition of a new dry milk product Femilak-2 intended for improving nutrition of nursing mothers]. / Taurin v sostave novogo sukhogo molochnogo produkta "Femilak 2", prednaznachennogo dlia korrektsii pitaniia kormiashchikh materei.

The contents and production technology of new dry milk product "Femilak-2" were elaborated by Institute of Nutrition of Russia's Academy of Medical Science in collaboration with company "Nutritec". This product, enriched by essential amino acid taurine is intended for correction of dietary intake of lactating women (TU 92 11371 113 4 92). This special product is produced by Balta's (Ukraine) and Volkovyssk's (Byelarus) tinned dairy food factories. The method of introduction of taufon preparation in product and safe keeping of taurine during "Femilak-2"' production and storage are presented.

[Use of new domestic foodstuffs in the treatment of digestive system diseases with food intolerance]. / Izpol'zovanie novykh otechestvennykh produktov v lechenii patologii organov pishchevareniia, soprovozhdaiushcheisia pishchevoi neperenosimost'iu.

A clinical trial has been performed of the food Unipit-3 and Laktanal based on cow milk proteins subjected to enzymic hydrolysis, dia- and ultrafiltration. A preliminary immunochemical assay of the above products protein component and its testing in anaphylactic shock reaction in animals demonstrated low sensitizing activity of this protein. The results of the trial of the above hypoallergenic foods in patients with food allergy showed their good tolerance and therapeutic efficacy.

[New food products for pregnant and breast feeding women]. / Novye produkty pitaniia dlia beremennykh zhenshchin i kormiashchikh materei.

The nutritionists from the Research Institute for Nutrition at the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and from the firm "Nutritec" have developed a dry milk product Femilac to correct diet of pregnant and breast-feeding women. The paper provides data on its chemical composition and results of its clinical trial.

[Experimental evaluation of the allergen activity of a peptide preparation produced from an enzymatic hydrolysate of milk proteins using ultrafiltration]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka allergennogo deistviia peptidnogo preparata, poluchennogo iz fermentativnogo gidrolizata belkov moloka s ispol'zovaniem ul'trafil'tratsii.

Noninbred guinea-pig experiments were performed to investigate specific potential allergenicity of cow milk proteins (CMP) consisting of casein (80%) and serum proteins (20%), of low-molecular peptides (LMP 20/80) produced from CMP 20/80 by enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration; to evaluate nonspecific effect of test diet CMP 20/80 and LMP 20/80 on anaphylactic response of the animals to ovalbumin and histamine LD50. LMP 20/80 versus CMP 20/80 had a hypoallergenic effect. Potential mechanisms of low anaphylactic sensitivity induced by LMP 20/80 are discussed.

[Preparation and clinical trial of new dried balanced food products "Unipit" for total restorative nutrition]. / Razrabotka i klinicheskie ispytaniia novykh sukhikh sbalansirovannykh produktov "Unipit" dlia polnogo vosstanovitel'nogo pitaniia.

Designs of 2 types of dried balanced food mixtures ("Unipit-1" and "Unipit-2") intended for complete recovery nutrition of patients with retained and disordered digestive function have been validated. The chemical composition of these products has been presented. The results of clinical trials have proved the high therapeutic effectiveness of "Unipit-1" and "Unipit-2" in rehabilitation of neurosurgical patients.

[An experimental study of the biological value of milk proteins with differing ratios of casein and blood proteins]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie biologicheskoi tsennosti molochnykh belkov s razlichnymi sootnosheniiami kazeina i syvorotochnykh belkov.

To improve amino acid composition and to rise the sum of sulfur-containing amino acids, 5 samples of milk protein with varying ratios of casein and serum proteins (24:76; 45:55; 61:39; 73:27; 94:6) were prepared with the use of the membrane technology under conditions of experimental production. Biological experiments conducted with the use of "growth" and "balance" methods have shown a rise of biological value with the increasing of serum protein share reaching its maximum value at a ratio of 61:39. Further elevation of the serum protein share (73:27; 94:6) led to a decrease of biological value. Advantages are stressed of the membrane technology in the production of high-quality milk products.

[Characteristics of peptide preparations obtained during enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration of milk proteins for use in specialized nutrition products]. / Kharakteristika peptidnykh preparatov, poluchennykh pri fermentativnom gidrolize i ul'trafil'tratsii belkov moloka, prednaznachennykh dlia ispol'zovaniia v spetsializirovannykh produktakh pitaniia.

+Ultrafiltrated bovine milk proteins with whey protein/casein ratios 20/80, 60/40 and 97/3 were subjected to pancreatin hydrolysis, and the hydrolysates obtained were fractionated to high- and low-molecular weight (LMW) fractions by means of ultrafiltration. The preparations obtained were characterized according to routine physico-chemical indices, amino-nitrogen content, amino acids score, molecular weight distribution, and concentration of precipitating milk antigens. The capacity of LMW fractions for inducing oral anaphylactic sensitization in guinea pig and for changing its susceptibility to histamine LD50 was studied. The conclusion has been made that LMW preparations with whey/casein ratios 20/80 and 60/40 could be effectively used in specialized formulae intended for nutrition of allergic children and adults, nursing women, and also for enteral nutrition.

[Food sensitization of guinea pigs with enzymatic hydrolysates of milk whey proteins]. / Pishchevaia sensibilizatsiia morskikh svinok fermentativnymi gidrolizatami belka molochnoi syvorotki.

Adult guinea pigs received intragastrically solutions of milk whey protein concentrate (CWPM), its enzymatic hydrolysate (HWPM) and peptide fraction (PF) obtained by means of HWPM ultrafiltration. Milk protein antigen content of CWPM, HWPM and PF was preliminary characterized with two-dimensional and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Undigested beta-lactoglobulin (beta LG) absorbed from the gut, was measured three hours after the administration by means of competitive radioimmunoassay. Administration of proteins was repeated twice with daily intervals. Twenty one days later the levels of circulating anti-beta LG antibodies were measured by Farr's method and then the reaction of active anaphylactic shock was triggered by intravenous infusion of whole skimmed milk. It was established that while antigens including beta LG content decreased in the rank of CWPM-HWPM-PF the absorption of beta LG into the blood serum and the violence of acute anaphylaxis decreased also. The largest level of specific antibodies to beta LG was detected in animals that received the hydrolized protein the fact being connected with the presence of aggregated beta LG in this preparation. The employment of ultrafiltration of enzymatic hydrolyzate leads to elimination of the majority of noninactivated antigens from the filtrate, consequence of this being the low level of animal sensitization by this preparation. It has been concluded that ultrafiltration technology has good advances in manufacturing hypoallergenic milk formulae.