ABSTRACT
Enhancement of the health care system in Russia continues to be one of key directions of National development. In conditions of deficiency of personnel, systemic changes are needed to transit to qualitatively new level. The application of digital platforms permits to resolve a number of issues related to accessibility and quality of medical services. The paper characterizes current state of health care digitization and level of competitiveness of medical institutions. On the basis of analysis of corporate culture of medical institutions, conclusions are made that it contributes to successful implementation of unified medical information system and development of best corporate standards and traditions.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Digital Technology , Humans , Russia , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care/standardsABSTRACT
Beyond fifth generation (5G) communication systems aim towards data rates in the tera bits per second range, with improved and flexible coverage options, introducing many new technological challenges in the fields of network architecture, signal pro- cessing, and radio frequency front-ends. One option is to move towards cell-free, or distributed massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) network architectures and highly integrated front-end solutions. This paper presents an outlook on be- yond 5G distributed massive MIMO communication systems, the signal processing, characterisation and simulation challenges, and an overview of the state of the art in millimetre wave antennas and electronics.
ABSTRACT
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the first line treatment of uncomplicated upper ureteral stones. Ureterorenoscopy with contact lithotripsy (URS) are useful for middle and lower ureteral stones. However, the presence of residual calculi, the stone fragments migration and the formation of "steinstrasse", when using those methods separately, prompts employing combination of lithotripsy modalities. The aim of this article is to find out the optimal combination of stone disintegration methods. The study compared the use of lithotripsy as stand - alone methods with their combined application. All patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 - 131 patients with lower ureteral stones, group 2 - 45 patients with middle ureteral stones, group 3 - 48 patients with upper ureteral stones. A secondary intervention was required in 9.2% of cases with lower ureteral stones, in 51.1% of cases with middle ureteral stones and 43.75% of cases with upper ureteral stones. In our cases such number of patients required repeated interventions are most likely associated with frequent stone migration in pyelocaliceal system and residual stones after ESWL. On the other hand, it is related to achieve of urinary tracts "stone free condition" within one hospitalization in accordance with recent guidelines. The effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy is significantly affected by the composition of the stones. Usage flexible ureterorenoscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy based upon laser lithotripsy enables to achieve clinical effectiveness regardless of the density and location of the stones.
Subject(s)
Lithotripsy, Laser/methods , Ureteral Calculi/surgery , Ureteroscopy/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ureteral Calculi/diagnosisABSTRACT
When erythropiesis is stimulated (acute blood loss) or inhibited (posttransfusion polycythemia), there are early changes in the cytochemical values of erythroblastic islets (EI): in the levels of acid and neutral glucoconjugates and in the activity of nonspecific esterase. A close correlation has been found between the erythropoiesis in EI and its functional characteristics. It is concluded that central macrophages play the key role in the modulation of EI erythropoiesis. It is suggested that EI macrophages are involved in the provision of bioenergetic and reparative processes in EI.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow/metabolism , Erythroblasts/metabolism , Erythropoiesis/physiology , Animals , Cell Division , Disease Models, Animal , Erythroblasts/cytology , Esterases/metabolism , Female , Hemorrhage/complications , Macrophages/physiology , Male , Polycythemia/etiology , Polycythemia/metabolism , Polycythemia/pathology , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Phenylhydrazine was shown to reduce the content of erythroblast islands (EI) within 24 hrs in the rat bone marrow, the effect depending on the dose. Simultaneous strengthening of phagocytic activity, acidifying of lysosomes central macrophages EI and lowering of electrophoretic mobility, were observed. The proteinase inhibitor contrycal (50 and 500 i. u.) prevented the effect in the EI and intensified the regeneration of erythron. In vitro, trypsin and chymotrypsin decreased the EI content in the marrow cell suspension. Changing of functional condition of the central macrophages EI and, probably, products of its secretion, seems to affect the cell complementing in EI.
