[The imbalance of vasoactive components and arachidonic acid in the placenta and amniotic fluid in preeclampsia]. / Disbalans vazoaktivnykh komponentov i arakhidonovoi kisloty v platsente i okoloplodnykh vodakh pri preéklampsii.

The content of vasoactive compounds and arachidonic acid in the placenta and amniotic fluid was studied in full-term (39-40 weeks) physiological pregnancy and preeclampsia (PE). The content of metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx), endothelin-1, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostacycline (PGI2) and arachidonic acid was estimated using spectrophotometric, immunoenzyme methods and gas-liquid chromatography. It was found that in PE the content of vasoconstrictors, of endothelin and TxB2, increased in the placenta and amniotic fluid, while the content of vasodilators, PGI2 and NOx decreased. Despite the same directionality of changes in both studied objects, the degree of changes differed and was more pronounced in the placenta. A direct or inverse correlative relationship was found between various vasoactive components (depending on their effect on vascular tone). In the case of arachidonic acid changes in its content in PE correlated with the level of vasoactive compounds, the source of which it is. The revealed differences in the ratio of vasoactive components obviously play a pathogenetic role in the development of PE and its subsequent complications.

[The detection of concentration of L-citrulline in amniotic fluid in women with physiologic pregnancy using the technique of capillary electrophoresis].

The article discusses the optimized conditions of detection of L-citrulline without preliminary derivatization using the technique of capillary zonal electrophoresis. The effect of pH of buffer electrolyte, temperature, time of introduction of probe into capillary on the results of detection of L-citrulline in samples of biological fluid is studied. The duration of analysis does not exceed 15 minutes.

Phosphorylation and carbonylation of placental proteins in normal pregnancy and gestosis.

Study of posttranslational changes in placental proteins revealed disorders in the intensity of their phosphorylation and carbonylation in patients with placental failure. Phosphorylation was reduced for the majority of endogenous placental proteins, substrates for cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases. An opposite dynamics was noted for oxidative modification of proteins. The content of carbonyl derivatives evaluated in spontaneous and metal-catalyzed oxidation of placental proteins was elevated in gestosis in comparison with the normal level.

[Production and reception of growth factors in the placenta during physiological and gestosis complicated pregnancy].

30 women with physiological pregnancy and 28 women with gestosis were examined. In the early chorion obtained after abortion and on the full-term placenta the content of the epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors were studied by means of the ELISA method. In the process of normal gestation the increase of the placental production both of the EGF and VEGF was found. During the pregnancy complicated with gestosis and miscarriage in the first trimester the content of EGF and its receptor was lower compared to the physiological values. For VEGF and its receptor opposite changes were found: the increase of quantity of the growth factor and the decrease of its receptor. In the case of gestosis and term pregnancy the content of the both growth factors and their receptors was lower than in controls. The revealed changes in production of the angiogenic growth factors and their receptors in the placenta may have the pathogenic importance in the development of gestosis.

Production of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin in the placenta and umbilical cord during normal and complicated pregnancy.

The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin in the placenta progressively increased during normal pregnancy. Production of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin in the placenta exceeded the normal during trimester I miscarriage and trimester III premature birth accompanied by intrauterine hypoxia. The concentration of these vasoactive substances during premature birth also increased in the umbilical cord. The compensatory decrease in the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin in the placenta and umbilical cord was observed during full-term pregnancy with threatened abortion.

[The influence of nitric oxide generation on the production of interleukins and processes of prostaglandin synthesis in fetal membranes in spontaneous parturition and uterine inertia]. / Vliianie generatsii oksida azota na produktsiiu interleikinov i protsessy sinteza prostaglandinov v plodnykh obolochkakh pri spontannoi rodovoi deiatel'nosti i slabosti rodovykh sil.

62 women in 38-40 weeks gestation were examined, 37 of them had normal delivery, whereas others (25) with uterine inertia, had delivery by Cesarean section. In the fetal membranes preparations nitric oxide production, interleukins -1beta and -6, arachidonic acid content and phospholipase A2 activity (limiting the rate of prostaglandin biosynthesis) were examined. In the case of uterine inertia increase of nitric oxide generation, decrease of interleukins and arachidonic acid levels and phospholipase A2 activity was found. Modulation of nitric oxide production with inhibitors and activators allowed to emphasize the role of NO in regulation of cytokine response and control of initial stages of prostaglandins synthesis.

Production of NO and oxidative destruction of proteins in the placenta during normal pregnancy and placental insufficiency.

Study of NO generation and oxidative destruction of proteins showed intensification of these processes in the placenta during normal gestation. Activity of NO synthase and the concentration of nitrites in the placenta in women with placental insufficiency and spontaneous abortions were below the normal. Full-term pregnancy against the background of placental insufficiency was associated with a compensatory increase in NO production in the placenta. On the other hand, oxidative destruction of proteins increased in placental insufficiency irrespective of pregnancy outcome.

[Prognostic value of neuraminidase activity in mammary gland secretion in fetal death]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie opredeleniia aktivnosti neiraminidazy v sekrete molochnukh zhelez pri vnutriutrobnoi gibeli ploda.

Neuraminidase activity and levels of sialic acids and some hormones were measured in mammary secretion of women with induced pregnancy with a history of endocrine sterility. The activity of neuraminidase in the breast milk of pregnant women with galactorrhea may serve an informative prognostic test indicating intrauterine fetal death for 8-10 days.

[Use of chemiluminescent analysis of the blood in prognostication of the course of adaptation period of the newborn]. / Ispol'zovanie khemiliuminestsentnogo analiza krovi dlia prognozirovaniia techeniia adaptatsionnogo perioda u novorozhdennykh.

Study of spontaneous and hydrogen peroxide-induced chemiluminescence of the blood serum of children born clinically healthy to mothers with complicated course of pregnancy showed that an increase of the total photosum of spontaneous chemiluminescence on day 3 of life may be regarded as a criterion of failure of adaptation; other criteria are the photosum value and intensity of the amplitude of flashes of induced chemiluminescence of newborn blood sera over the entire course of the neonatal period.

[Lipid composition and phospholipase A2 activity in rat placental cell membranes in hypoxic states]. / Lipidnyi sostav i aktivnost' fosfolipazy A2 plazmaticheskikh membran platsenty krys pri gipoksicheskikh sostoianiiakh.

When in the hypoxic pressure chamber and under high-altitude conditions, rats showed changes in the lipid profile of plasma membranes and in the activity of placental phospholipase A2. More profound changes occurred in the placental membranes of the rats staying under hypoxic conditions during placentation. Placental plasma membranes in the animals exposed to hypoxia in the second gestational half were more stable, their lipid composition was less altered.

[Physico-chemical characteristics of the plasma membrane of the human placenta in placental insufficiency]. / Fiziko-khimicheskaia kharakteristika plazmaticheskikh membran platsenty zhenshchin pri platsentarnoi nedostatochnosti.

Lipid peroxidation, microviscosity, lipid fraction ratios and glycoprotein carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in syncytiotrophoblastic plasmatic membranes of patients with placental insufficiency. Changes are demonstrated in the above parameters, as compared to normal values, indicative of profound structural transformations of placental membranes. Hyperbaric oxygenation is shown to have a favorable effect on structure and properties of placental membranes.