ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Immediate reconstruction rates after mastectomy are increasing but remain low. Little is known about hospital readmissions after these procedures. The authors studied unscheduled readmissions after immediate reconstruction. METHODS: Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project California State database, the authors identified patients undergoing mastectomy only or with immediate reconstruction for ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer from 2005 to 2009. Immediate reconstruction included tissue expander/implant and autologous tissue reconstructions. The authors evaluated temporal trends in immediate reconstruction and factors associated with 30-day unscheduled readmissions after reconstruction. RESULTS: The cohort contained 48,414 patients (mastectomy only, 35,648; immediate reconstruction, 12,766; tissue expander/implant, 10,437; autologous tissue, 2329). Readmission rates were not significantly different between mastectomy only and immediate reconstruction (3.55 percent versus 3.39 percent; p = 0.39); however, autologous tissue reconstruction was associated with a significantly higher readmission rate compared with tissue expander/implant reconstruction (4.08 percent versus 3.24 percent; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate reconstruction does not result in higher readmission rates compared with mastectomy only. All women undergoing mastectomy should be offered consultation for reconstruction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery , Mammaplasty/trends , Mastectomy , Patient Readmission/trends , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , California , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Mammaplasty/methods , Mammaplasty/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Registries , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) status is an important prognostic factor for survival for patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. To address the issue of selecting patients at high and low risk for a positive SLN, prognostic factors were sought that predict SLN involvement by examining characteristics of both the primary tumor and the patient within the context of a biological model of melanoma progression. METHODS: The study included 682 patients with primary vertical growth phase (VGP) melanoma and no clinical evidence of metastatic disease who underwent SLN biopsy (1995-2003). Logistic regression and classification tree analyses were used to investigate the association between SLN positivity and Breslow thickness, Clark level, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), ulceration, mitotic rate (MR), lesion site, gender, and age. RESULTS.: In all, 88 of the 682 patients had > or =1 positive SLN (12.9%). In the multivariate analysis, MR, TIL, and thickness were found to be independent prognostic factors for SLN positivity. In the classification tree, four different risk groups were defined, ranging from minimal risk (2.1%) to high risk (40.4%). In lesions < r =2.0 mm, MR was important in risk-stratifying patients, and in lesions >2.0 mm TIL was important. CONCLUSIONS: By incorporating biologically based variables such as VGP, TIL, and MR along with thickness into a prognostic model, both patients at high risk and minimal risk for SLN positivity can be identified. If validated, this model can be used in patient management and trial design to select patients to undergo or be spared SLN biopsy.
