Subject(s)
Cyclic AMP/physiology , Enterocytes/metabolism , Escherichia coli Proteins , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism , Animals , Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects , Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology , Cell Division/drug effects , Cholera Toxin/metabolism , Cholera Toxin/pharmacology , Cyclic AMP/pharmacology , DNA/biosynthesis , Enterocytes/drug effects , Enterocytes/microbiology , Enterotoxins/pharmacology , Exudates and Transudates/chemistry , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Intestine, Small/metabolism , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/microbiology , Mice , Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology , Rabbits , Second Messenger Systems/physiology , Theophylline/pharmacology , Vibrio cholerae/drug effects , Vibrio cholerae/growth & development , Vibrio cholerae/physiology , Water/metabolismSubject(s)
Antidiarrheals/therapeutic use , Arachidonic Acids/antagonists & inhibitors , Cholera Toxin/toxicity , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Acetophenones/therapeutic use , Animals , Arachidonic Acid , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Masoprocol/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsSubject(s)
Fishes/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Neural Inhibition/physiology , Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiology , Synaptic Transmission/physiology , Animals , Heart Rate/drug effects , Neural Inhibition/drug effects , Parasympathetic Nervous System/drug effects , Synaptic Transmission/drug effectsABSTRACT
The influence of ethacizin (a diethylamine analog of ethmozine) (1.10(-7)-1.10(-6) g/ml) upon the phase-dependent chronotropic parasympathetic effects was studied on the perfused frog heart. The vagolytic influence of ethacizin (5.10(-7) and 1.10(-6) g/ml) was detected; the concentration of 1.10(-7) g/ml was found ineffective. The vagolytic effect consisted of a decreased maximum of phase-dependent effect, reduced latency and time required for the manifestation of the maximum increase. The period of inhibitory vagal stimulus effectiveness did not change significantly.
Subject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Heart Rate/drug effects , Moricizine/analogs & derivatives , Parasympathetic Nervous System/drug effects , Phenothiazines/pharmacology , Animals , Depression, Chemical , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , In Vitro Techniques , Rana temporaria , Reaction Time/drug effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
In experiments on the heart of the cod Gadus morhua and frog Rana temporaria in situ, studies have been made of changes in the heart rate induced by stimulation of the vagal nerve by single brief bursts delivered at various intervals after P wave of the ECG. Certain differences were found in changes of the heart rate between these animals. In the cod, maximum chronotropic effect was equal to 65% of the duration of initial cardiac cycle, the latency of this effect being equal to 290 ms; in the frog, corresponding figures were 12-13% and approximately 940 ms. The duration of negative chronotropic effect in the heart of the cod was equal to 700 ms, that of the frog--to 2.700 ms. Functional role of these differences is discussed in relation to the problem of the development of parasympathetic regulation of the heart rate in phylogenesis of vertebrates.
