ABSTRACT
Modern methods of genetic homeostasis assessment in animals are described in the present article. The single gel-electrophoresis test (Comet Assay), micronuclei test, chromosome aberration frequency, and sister chromatid exchanges are reviewed in detail. The questions of test-sensitivity of given methods and principles or their application for genetic homeostasis assessment in wild populations of animals are considered.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Comet Assay/methods , Homeostasis , Sister Chromatid Exchange , Animals , Micronucleus Tests/methodsABSTRACT
Nanocrystalline ceria possesses a unique complex of physical and chemical properties making it highly bioactive material. In this review, modern data on the action of nanocrystalline ceria on cells, micro- and macroorganisms are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the factors affecting protective properties of CeO2 with respect to the living systems.
Subject(s)
Cerium/adverse effects , Cerium/pharmacology , Nanoparticles/administration & dosage , Nanoparticles/adverse effects , AnimalsABSTRACT
This paper summarizes the data on the effect of engineered nanoparticles on aquatic organisms. The issues of penetration and accumulation of nanoparticles in the body of hydrobionts and their toxic effect, biotransformation, and migration along food chains are considered. It is demonstrated that the behavior of nanomaterials in the environment and their effect on living organisms have been studied insufficiently and require close attention, because their release into the environment will increase in the very near future.
