ABSTRACT
Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with increased level of antithyroid antibodies. Two types of clinical manifestation can be described: a vasculitic type with stroke like episodes and diffuse progressive type with deterioration of mental function. Neurologic symptoms are present in euthyreosis as well as in thyroid dysfunction. Because of good response to immunosuppressive therapy, the prompt diagnosis and management of HE are crucial. In this study we present the review of current literature and discuss two representative cases.
Subject(s)
Disease Management , Encephalitis/pathology , Hashimoto Disease/pathology , Encephalitis/diagnosis , Encephalitis/drug therapy , Encephalitis/etiology , Female , Hashimoto Disease/diagnosis , Hashimoto Disease/drug therapy , Hashimoto Disease/etiology , Humans , Middle Aged , Practice Guidelines as TopicABSTRACT
Phospholipase A(2) (E.C. 3.1.1.4, PLA(2)) plays an essential role in metabolism of membrane phospholipids, it is related to inflammatory reactions, secretion of amyloid precursor protein and activation of NMDA receptor after ischemia. In the present study we investigated PLA(2) activity in platelets from 37 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, 32 vascular dementia (VaD) patients and 32 individuals with ischemic stroke as compared to 27 healthy elderly controls. PLA(2) activity was determined using radiometric assay. Mean platelet PLA(2) activity was increased in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (p < 0.001). In VaD group the enzyme activity was between the values in AD and controls, these differences being significant from both groups. In the group of patients with ischemic stroke mean PLA(2) activity was higher either 48 h after the stroke or 7 days later (in both cases p < 0.001). The results may be particularly interesting in light of the fact, that inhibitors of PLA(2) activity are known.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Blood Platelets/enzymology , Brain Ischemia/enzymology , Brain/enzymology , Dementia, Vascular/enzymology , Group II Phospholipases A2/metabolism , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Amyloid beta-Peptides/biosynthesis , Biomarkers/metabolism , Brain/physiopathology , Brain Ischemia/physiopathology , Dementia, Vascular/physiopathology , Encephalitis/metabolism , Encephalitis/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Membrane Lipids/metabolism , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism , Stroke/enzymology , Stroke/physiopathology , Up-Regulation/physiologySubject(s)
Blood Pressure/drug effects , Heart Rate/drug effects , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Animals , Benzofurans/pharmacology , Female , Idazoxan/pharmacology , Imidazoline Receptors , Male , Phenoxybenzamine/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Drug/agonists , Structure-Activity Relationship , Yohimbine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The authors present the problem of the migraine and tension-type headache treatment in the children basing on the questionnaires, carried out among the participants of The Third Polish Days of Children Neurology.
Subject(s)
Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Tension-Type Headache/drug therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Therapy/methods , Humans , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tension-Type Headache/diagnosis , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A series of novel N-(4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole derivatives 2a-d, 3a-d and 4a-p were prepared and their structure was determined by IR and NMR spectroscopic data as well as X-ray analysis of carbonitrile 2a. The compounds were studied as potential inhibitors of the human blood platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline or ADP. Compounds of type 3 proved efficacious for the reduction of arterial blood pressure upon intravenous administration to normotensive rats.
