Segmental bronchial atresia--a case report and a literature review.

Bronchial atresia is a short and juxtahilar bronchus interruption. This uncommon malformation leads to an obstructive and systematized emphysema, often associated with mucoid impaction. The authors report the case of a 5-year-old boy and review the literature in order to recall the radiologic features of this affection, which are characterized by an obstructive segmental or lobar emphysema often located in the upper lobe. The modern imaging means are not necessary for diagnosis. Bronchography confirms the atresia. Neonatal bronchial atresia appears as an opaque segment or lobe with retention of the alveolar liquid.

[Abdominal injuries in children. The value of emergency abdominal ultrasonography]. / Traumatisme abdominal de l'enfant. Intérêt de l'échographie abdominale en urgence.

UNLABELLED: Abdominal injuries are frequent in children. Their early assessment is the best guarantee for an accurate management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy children with abdominal trauma were evaluated by early ultrasonography. RESULTS: This investigation found abnormalities in 52 patients, with hematic peritoneal effusion in 26 cases, renal lesion in 20 cases, hepatic lesion in ten cases, splenic lesion in seven cases and a lesion involving liver, spleen and pancreas in one case. Based on these results, surgery was performed in six cases. The remaining cases were simply supervised with a good prognosis. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography represents the main investigation in children's abdominal trauma, allowing an early, efficient and non-costly morphological diagnosis. Computerized tomography (CT) scan has some particular indications.

[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with malignant thymoma in a child]. / L'ostéoarthropathie hypertrophiante associée à un thymome malin chez un enfant.

We report a case of pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a child with malignancy thymoma. This entity is infrequent in pediatric patients.

[The diagnosis of mediastinal lymphangioma in children]. / Diagnostic des lymphangiomes médiastinaux chez l'enfant.

On the basis of personal observation of four cases, the authors discuss the diagnostic aspects in this disease. Before birth, the diagnosis should be made by echography. After birth, magnetic resonance imaging scanning (IRM) is the method showing two types of cystic lymphangioma; a monomorphic and a polymorphic type. IRM is particularly valuable for the assessment of the extent of the disease all the more so as these tumours are often infiltrating. One should also recognise cervicomediastinal lymphangiomas which are more frequent in the very young and in whom the diagnosis is easy but one should not ignore the mediastinal component and those lymphangiomas which are purely mediastinal.

[Orbital hydatid cyst. Apropos of a case]. / Kyste hydatique orbitaire. A propos d'un cas.

The authors report a new case of orbital hydatid cyst diagnosed in 3 year old children who had presented an insidious exophtalmia explored by CT Scan. The authors recall the CT Scan features of the orbital hydatid cyst and the contribution of the others imaging methods.

[Upper esophageal duplication. Apropos of a case disclosed by respiratory distress]. / Duplication oesophagienne haute. A propos d'un cas révélé par détresse respiratoire.

The authors report a new case of cystic oesophageal duplication, discovered in a 10-month-old infant. This case is unusual because of its site: thoraco-cervical, and its acute clinical manifestations: respiratory depression. A surgical resection was performed after Barium swallow, chest X-ray and ultrasonography. Surgery ensured rapid clinical improvement. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of cystic oesophageal duplication.

[Unusual mediastinal cystic lymphangioma. Apropos of a case and review of the literature]. / Lymphangiome kystique médiastinal inhabituel. A propos d'un cas avec revue de la littérature.

Cystic lymphangioma is an uncommon congenital neoplasm which frequently occurs in young adults. Less than 1% are localized in the mediastinum. The authors report the case of an unusual voluminous mediastinal cystic lymphangioma, with a fatal outcome in a twelve year old boy. The authors recall the histological and clinical characteristics of these tumors and the possibility of the radiologic diagnosis based on ultrasound, CT and MRI sites. The radiological findings are the same as for other sites of cystic lymphangioma in adults. Imaging guided cytologic puncture, when positive, may help to characterize these tumors.

[Amniotic adhesions. A case report]. / Maladie des brides amniotiques. A propos d'un cas.

Amniotic adhesions occur in a wide variety of foetal malformations and can involve the limbs, the cranio-caudal region and the trunk. They usually occur after premature rupture of the aminos membranes. We report a case of amniotic adhesions diagnosed late at 37 weeks gestation.

[Aneurysmal cyst of the pelvis. Apropos of a case]. / Kyste anévrysmal du bassin. A propos d'un cas.

The authors present an aneurysmal bone cyst of the pelvis which was unusual in its radiographic aspects. Its aggressive features made it difficult to distinguish from a malignant lesion. We develop the imaging methods contribution in positive and differential diagnosis and underline the modern methods interest (CT scan, MR imaging). Biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and recognize possible causal malignant tumor.

[Imaging of bronchogenic cysts in children]. / L'imagerie des kystes bronchogéniques chez l'enfant.

The authors report a retrospective series of 22 cases of bronchogenic cysts in children. The development of antenatal ultrasonography allowed the diagnosis in 3 cases. When the diagnosis is suggested for the time first postnatally, chest x-ray and oesophagography remain the essential initial investigations. Thoracic ultrasonography needs to be developed, as in some cases it can reveal the cystic nature of the tumour. In difficult cases, the work-up should be completed by CT scan, while keeping in mind that not all bronchogenic cysts present in the form of low-density images. A detailed review of the literature shows that mediastino-pulmonary opacities are more frequent than exclusively pulmonary images in the form of hyperlucent, fluid level or solid opacity images.

[Radiological aspects of histiocytosis X]. / Les aspects radiologiques de l'histiocytose X.

The histiocytosis X is a tumoral affection related to the proliferation of a highly differentiated cell which reaches the reticulohistiocytary system. The radiology represents on top of the clinic and the histology, the central pillar of this diagnostic tripod. This retrospective study is about 14 files of patients collected in different departments of UHC Ibn Rochd between 1976 and 1988. In the 14 observations, the diagnosis has been confirmed by an anatomopathologic examination. The disease supervenes with predominance at the young age (9 cases 11 years). The reach of the bone is very frequent (9/14 cases) and often multiple (7/9 cases), the preferential localizations are at the craniofacial level (50%), at the level of flat bones, the girdles (25%), the femur and the tibia (25%). The radiologic aspect is an osteolysis in the shape of lacunae with rounded and outlines suited with "take-piece", sometimes polycyclic in the card of geography. This osteolysis has sometimes a quite characterized aspect of the disease especially at the level of the cranium, the maxillomandibular massive, the supracotyloid region and the rachis. The reach of the lun during the histiocytosis X is relatively frequent (4/14 cases). It is often about an interstitial pneumopathy that is sometimes complicated of pneumothorax. The standard radiologic examinations of the osseous Skeleton help in making the diagnosis, permitting the complete physical examination of the extension and the supervision of the disease. The scintigraphy is less reliable and the scanner is not specific. However, the scanner explores better the base of the Skull and certain viscers which the reach can make revise the prognosis.

[Autosomal recessive spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. Apropos of 3 familial cases]. / Dysplasie spondylométaphysaire récessive autosomique. A propos de trois cas familiaux.

The spondylometaphyseal dysplasias are a group of chondrodystrophies characterised by irregularities of long bones' metaphyses associated with platyspondylia. We report three familial cases (one girl and two boys) whose parents are normal and consanguineous. Our three observations in spite of their analogy with Kozlowski's type, are distinguished by more discrete lesions of the rachis and pelvis and by their autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.