ABSTRACT
During 2007, a large-scale controlled, multicentre, blinded and randomised field study was conducted in Scotland, England and France to assess the efficacy and safety of monepantel, the first molecule to be developed from the recently discovered amino-acetonitrile derivatives class of anthelmintics, in sheep. Monepantel was administered orally, at a minimum dose of 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight, for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep maintained at pasture in a range of commercial production systems. Efficacy was measured by faecal egg count (FEC) reduction tests seven days after treatment and was demonstrated to be over 98 per cent against mixed-genus infections. The reduction in FEC of monepantel-treated sheep was statistically significantly greater than in untreated control sheep (P<0.0001). The efficacy of monepantel against mixed-genus natural field infections of the major gastrointestinal nematodes was in agreement with similar studies conducted in Australia and New Zealand. There were no treatment-related adverse events during the study, which included the use of a range of concomitant treatments.
Subject(s)
Aminoacetonitrile/analogs & derivatives , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Gastrointestinal Diseases/veterinary , Helminthiasis, Animal/drug therapy , Nematode Infections/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Aminoacetonitrile/adverse effects , Aminoacetonitrile/therapeutic use , Animals , Anthelmintics/adverse effects , Double-Blind Method , England , France , Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Diseases/parasitology , Nematode Infections/drug therapy , Parasite Egg Count/veterinary , Scotland , Sheep , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The aim of the study was the analysis of the costs of the treatment the patients with tibial and femur shaft fractures treated operatively and conservatively. There were 643 adults and among them 145 patients with femur shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing using open Küntscher method (48 patients), closed Küntscher method (35 patients), plating (35 patients) and conservatively (19 patients). There were also 498 patients with tibial shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing using closed Küntscher method (105 patients), plating (109 patients), screws (82 patients) and conservatively (202 patients). The cost of the treatment was the lowest in groups of patients with femoral and tibial shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing using closed Küntscher method.
Subject(s)
Femoral Fractures/economics , Femoral Fractures/therapy , Fracture Fixation, Internal/economics , Tibial Fractures/economics , Tibial Fractures/therapy , Adult , Bone Plates/economics , Bone Screws/economics , Cost Control , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/economics , Humans , PolandABSTRACT
The authors present modified operational technique in hepatic echinococcosis. Echinococcus in 14 patients was removed by either peri-cystic excision or hepatic lobe excision with the closure of blood inflow into the liver by construction the blood vessels in hepato-duodenal ligament for 20 minutes. All patients survived. Biliary fistulas lasting for a few days up to 3 weeks were the only complications encountered. Presented modified operational technique of surgery is safe; it shortens the duration of surgery and prevents major intraoperative haemorrhages.
